# Me ya sa TOPCon ya doke HJT: Dogaro da Hanya ya Bayyana

> Bita mai amfani kan dalilin da ya sa TOPCon ya zama fasahar tantanin rana ta n-type da ta fi rinjaye akan HJT, an bayyana ta hanyar dogaro da hanya, farashin juyawa

![Me ya sa TOPCon ya doke HJT: Dogaro da Hanya ya Bayyana](https://cdn.ooitech.com/static/upload/image/20260629/2026062955826596.webp.webp)

- ** 2026-06-29
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## Me ya sa TOPCon ya doke HJT: Dogaro da Hanya ya Bayyana

**Amsa mai sauri:** TOPCon ya doke HJT a kasuwa saboda dalilai da ba su da alaƙa da ilimin kimiyyar tantanin halitta fiye da dogaro da hanyar da aka riga aka bi. Dukansu gine-ginen suna ɗaga inganci sama da PERC, kuma HJT yana da fa'idar inganci da farko. TOPCon ya yi nasara saboda ana iya ƙara shi a layin PERC da ake da shi — yaduwar boron, oxide na tunnel da sanya polysilicon a kan kayan aikin da masana'anta ya riga ya mallaka — yayin da HJT ke buƙatar maye gurbin tsarin zafi da jerin yanayin zafi ƙasa. Kuɗin wannan maye gurbin shi ne lambar da ta yanke shawara: canza layi yana nufin sadaukar da jari ga fasahar da sauran sarkar samarwa ba su daidaita ba tukuna. Tattaunawar masana'antu a lokacin sun sanya shawarar canza layin a cikin ɗaruruwan miliyoyin RMB kowace layi. Sakamakon yana nuna cewa a masana'anta, dacewa da ƙarfin da aka riga aka girka yawanci yakan fi ƙarfin jagora na aiki.

PV Module Manufacturing · na Jerry, Ooitech

## Gabatarwa

TOPCon Kayan Aikin Layin Samar da Faifan Rana -" title="Me ya sa TOPCon Ya Doke HJT: Dogaro da Hanya Yana Bayanin Gasar Fasahar Ƙwayoyin Rana"/>

A cikin 2023, yawancin masana'antun hasken rana sun fuskanci tambaya ɗaya a cikin ɗakin taro: idan masana'antar dole ta ƙaura daga P-type PERC zuwa N-type fasaha, shin zuba jari na gaba ya kamata ya tafi TOPCon ko HJT?

A takarda, HJT ya yi kyau. Yana da ƙarfin kariya, sarrafa zafin jiki mara nauyi, aikin fuska biyu mai kyau, da kuma iyakar ka'idar mai ban sha'awa. Amma a masana'antu na gaske, yanke shawara sau da yawa yana dogara da lamba ɗaya: farashin canji.

Ga kamfani da ke gudanar da layukan PERC, haɓakawa zuwa TOPCon na iya kashe kusan **RMB 50-80 miliyan a kowace GW**. Gina sabon layin HJT sau da yawa yana buƙatar **RMB 200-350 miliyan a kowace GW**, ko da yake farashin kayan aiki yana raguwa. Wannan bambanci ya yi yawa da ba za a iya watsi da shi ba.

Don haka TOPCon bai yi nasara ba kawai saboda ita ce fasaha mafi ci gaba. Ta yi nasara saboda hanyar daga PERC ta kai ga TOPCon a zahiri.

### Babban ra'ayi

Masana'antar hasken rana ba ta zaɓi TOPCon a cikin sarari ba. Ta zaɓi TOPCon a ƙarƙashin nauyin shekaru goma na kayan aikin PERC, injiniyoyin PERC, masu samar da PERC, bayanan ingancin PERC, da halayen samar da PERC. Wannan misali ne na littafi na **dogaro da hanya**.

## Ma'aunin Fasaha

### Kwatanta kasuwa da fasaha

| Abu | TOPCon | HJT | BC |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Babban matsayin masana'antu | Babbar hanyar N-type | Mai kalubale mai karfin gaske | Mai daraja kuma mai neman hanya ta uku |
| Kimanin rabon fitar da kayayyaki na shekarar 2025 | Kusan 77.1% a duniya | Rabo mafi karami | Karami amma yana girma |
| Kimanin jigilar sel na shekarar 2025 | Kusan 320GW | Kusan 48GW | Kusan 36GW |
| Ingancin samarwa da yawa | Kusan 25.5-26.5% | Sama da 27% a cikin manyan layuka | Ya dogara da hanya, yana da karfin daraja mai yawa |
| Daidaitawar PERC na yau da kullun | Babba | Kadan | Matsakaici zuwa kadan, ya dogara da tsarin TBC ko HBC |
| Kudin haɓakawa daga PERC | Kusan RMB miliyan 50-80/GW | Yawanci ana buƙatar sabon layi | Ya fi TOPCon girma, tsari mai rikitarwa |
| Matsin zuba jari na sabbin kayan aiki | Mafi karanci ga masu amfani da PERC na yanzu | Babba | Babba zuwa babba-matsakaici |
| Matsalar tsari mai mahimmanci | Boron diffusion, passivated contact, metallization | Low-temperature thin film, TCO, low-temperature paste | Patterning, laser opening, masking, alignment |
| Babban fa'ida | Saurin haɓaka masana'antu | Kyakkyawan tsari don yuwuwar tandem | Babu grid na gaba, ƙarancin hasara na gani, kyakkyawan bayyanar |
| Babban rauni | Haɓaka inganci yana raguwa | Rashin dacewa da tsofaffin tsarin | Matsalar tsari da ƙalubalen yawan amfani |

### Dalilin da ya sa bambancin farashi ya kasance muhimmi

| Girma | TOPCon | HJT |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kudin canzawa | Ƙananan: haɓaka layin PERC na ɓangare | Babba sosai: sabon layin samarwa da yawa |
| Ci gaba da kayan aiki | Yawancin kayan aikin PERC da ayyukan masana'antu za a iya sake amfani da su | Tsarin kayan aiki ya bambanta sosai |
| Tushen hazaka | Injiniyoyin PERC na iya daidaitawa da sauri | Yana buƙatar sabon tunani na fim-bakin-baki da ƙarancin zafin jiki |
| Sarkar samar da kayayyaki | An gada da fadada shi da sauri daga tsarin PERC | Yana buƙatar daban paste, target, TCO, da tsarin aiki |
| Haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa | Mai sauƙi ga masana'antun PERC | Babban farashin koyo da babban haɗarin haɓaka |

## Fa'idodin Fasaha

### Dogaro da hanya: ƙarfin ɓoye bayan nasarar TOPCon

Dogaro da hanya yana nufin cewa yanke shawara ta yau tana da tasiri sosai daga jarin jiya. Da zarar masana'antu sun gina kayan aiki, sun horar da mutane, sun rubuta ƙa'idodi, sun tara bayanan gazawa, kuma sun inganta sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta hanya ɗaya, zai zama tsada da haɗari don tsalle zuwa wata.

TOPCon ya sami dukkan matakai uku na dogaro da hanya daga PERC.

- **Ƙananan farashin canzawa**: TOPCon kawai ya buƙaci sabbin hanyoyin aiki da yawa a kan layin PERC da ke akwai, kamar boron diffusion da LPCVD ko PECVD passivated contact matakai.
- **Madauki mai kyau na amsawa**: Ƙarin layukan TOPCon sun ƙarfafa masu kera kayan aiki, masu samar da manna, injiniyoyin tsari, da ƙungiyoyin inganci don inganta TOPCon cikin sauri.
- **Tasirin kullewa**: Da zarar TOPCon ya zama babban harshen samarwa, hazaka, ma'auni, warware matsaloli, da haɓaka masu samarwa duk sun fara gudana a hanya ɗaya.

TOPCon ya ƙara ƙarfi saboda yawancin masana'antu sun zaɓe shi. Yawancin masana'antu sun zaɓe shi saboda ya ƙara ƙarfi. Wannan madauki ya kasance mai mahimmanci.

### Me yasa HJT ta rasa tseren masana'antu, ba tseren fasaha ba

HJT ba ta rasa ba saboda fasaha mara kyau. Ta hanyoyi da yawa, tana da kyau a fasaha.

- Tsarin daidaitacce yana tallafawa aikin bifacial mai ƙarfi.
- Silicon amorphous na ciki yana ba da wucewar kariya mai kyau.
- Sarrafa ƙananan zafin jiki na iya rage damuwa ta thermal.
- Ƙananan ma'aunin zafin jiki yana taimaka wa aiki a yanayin zafi.
- HJT tana da dacewa mai ƙarfi tare da sel tandem perovskite na gaba.

Amma HJT tana da babbar matsala ta masana'antu: ba ta gaji tushen samar da PERC ba.

Wani masana'anta da ya zaɓi HJT dole ne ya yi la'akari da maye gurbin manyan sassa na kadarorin da ke akwai, sake horar da injiniyoyi, gina sabon tsarin masu samar da kayayyaki, karɓar sabon zagayen haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, da ɗaukar babban haɗarin saka hannun jari. A lokacin da ribar masana'antar hasken rana ke fuskantar matsin lamba, wannan ba yanke shawara ce ta fasaha kawai ba. Shawara ce ta rayuwa.

### BC: hanya ta uku, amma ba gajeriyar hanya mai sauƙi ba

Ana yawan bayyana fasahar BC a matsayin wata mai yuwuwar nasara, amma hanyarta ta bambanta da TOPCon da HJT.

BC ba zai iya gaji tsarin PERC na gargajiya gaba ɗaya ba saboda tsarin baya-baya yana canza ƙirar tantanin halitta sosai. Yana buƙatar ƙirar tsari, buɗe laser, rufewa, da kuma samar da haɗin baya daidai. Wannan ya sa ya fi TOPCon rikitarwa.

Koyaya, BC na iya haɗawa da wasu fasahohin tushe daban-daban:

- **TBC**: TOPCon tare da haɗin baya, raba wasu tsari da kayan aiki na TOPCon.
- **HBC**: HJT tare da haɗin baya, haɗa kariyar HJT da tsarin haɗin baya.

BC ba kawai mararraba ba ne. Ya fi kamar sabon babbar hanya wacce za ta iya ɗaukar nau'ikan motoci daban-daban. Amma har yanzu dole ne a gina babbar hanyar kanta, kuma hakan yana da tsada.

Babban matsalar ita ce yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kowane ƙarin mataki na sarrafawa na iya zama mai kashe yawan amfanin ƙasa. Har sai BC ta kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa, farashi, da kuma yawan aiki kusa da matakan TOPCon, za ta kasance mai ƙarfi a kasuwannin masu daraja amma da wuya ta maye gurbin TOPCon a babban sikelin.

## Aikace-aikacen Samfur

### Abin da wannan ke nufi ga masu kera hasken rana

Ga masu kera da ke shirin sabon ƙarfin tantanin halitta ko na'ura, muhawarar TOPCon-HJT-BC ba wai kawai game da ingancin tantanin halitta ba ne. Game da tattalin arzikin masana'anta ne.

- Masu kera PERC da ke akwai sun koma zuwa TOPCon saboda hanyar haɓakawa ta kasance mafi bayyana.
- Sabbin masu shiga da ke da isasshen jari na iya yin la'akari da HJT ko BC, amma dole ne su yarda da haɗarin sarrafawa mafi girma.
- Masu kera na'urori masu daraja na iya amfani da BC don niyya ga rarraba wutar lantarki, kyawun rufin, da sassan inganci mai girma.
- Masu saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci na fasaha suna sa ido sosai kan hanyoyin haɗin HJT-perovskite da TOPCon-perovskite.

### Abin da wannan ke nufi ga injiniyoyin samarwa

Ga injiniyoyin gaba, shekaru uku masu zuwa suna iya kasancewa suna da yawan TOPCon. Ƙwarewar aiki mafi mahimmanci har yanzu za ta kasance game da cikakken sarrafa tsarin TOPCon.

Muhimman wuraren sun haɗa da:

- Tsaftacewa da shirya saman
- Sarrafa yaduwar boron
- Cire BSG
- Samar da haɗin wutar lantarki mai kariya ta LPCVD ko PECVD
- Tagogin aiwatar da annealing
- Sanya fim ɗin Al₂O₃ da SiNₓ
- Ƙarfe da daidaita manna
- Binciken gazawa da inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa

A lokaci guda, injiniyoyi kada su manta da ci gaban perovskite tandem. Maɓallan da za a kula da su ba wai kawai ingancin lab ba ne, har ma da kwanciyar hankali, aiki a babban yanki, da maimaita tsari.

### Juyin perovskite tandem

Dogaro da hanya yana da ƙarfi, amma ba na dindindin ba. Yana iya karye lokacin da ribar aikin sabuwar hanya ta isa ta tabbatar da farashin canji.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa perovskite tandem ke da mahimmanci. Idan fasahar tandem ta kai ga samar da masana'antu mai kwanciyar hankali, tsohuwar muhawara tsakanin TOPCon mai haɗa guda ɗaya da HJT mai haɗa guda ɗaya na iya zama ƙasa da mahimmanci. Masana'antar na iya canzawa daga inganta siliki mai lu'ulu'u kaɗai zuwa sake gina dukkan iyakar inganci.

Magoya bayan HJT suna yin fare mai yawa a kan wannan. Tsarin zafin jiki mara nauyi na HJT da tsarin daidaitawa ya sa ya dace da haɗin perovskite tandem. Amma kamfanonin TOPCon suma suna haɓaka hanyoyin tandem, don haka HJT ba shine kawai mai yiwuwa mai nasara ba.

## Tuntuɓi da Siyayya

### Hukunce-hukunce guda uku bayyanannu

**Na farko, TOPCon zai kasance babbar hanyar da za a bi a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa.** Daga 2026 zuwa 2029, TOPCon na iya riƙe fiye da kashi 70% na kasuwa. Amfaninsa ba wai kawai inganci ba ne. Yana da samuwar kayan aiki, injiniyoyi da aka horar, balagaggen masu samarwa, bayanan inganci, da ƙarancin haɗarin haɓakawa.

**Na biyu, HJT na buƙatar perovskite tandem don ƙirƙirar dawowar gaske.** Idan HJT ya kasance fasaha mai haɗaɗɗiya guda ɗaya kawai, zai yi wahala ya juya girman masana'antu na TOPCon. Idan perovskite-HJT tandem ya kai ga samarwa mai yawa mai tsayayye, labarin na iya canzawa.

**Na uku, BC ita ce babbar barazanar tsari ga TOPCon idan ta magance yawan amfanin ƙasa da farashi.** BC yana da fa'idodi a bayyane a cikin bayyanar da rage hasara na gani, musamman ga manyan rufin rufi da aikace-aikacen rarraba. Amma sai dai idan tsarin ya zama mai tsayayye kuma mai araha, zai kasance hanya mai daraja maimakon maye gurbin duniya.

### Tunanin Ƙarshe

Mafi kyawun fasaha ba koyaushe take cin nasara da farko ba. Fasahar da ta dace da hanyar da ake da ita takan yi nasara da sauri.

TOPCon ta doke HJT ba don HJT ba ta da damar ci gaba ba, amma saboda tara masana'antu na PERC na tsawon shekaru goma ya nuna kai tsaye zuwa TOPCon. Kayan aiki, injiniyoyi, masu samar da kayayyaki, tagogin tsari, da halayen masana'anta duk sun tura zuwa hanya ɗaya.

HJT yanzu tana buƙatar babban ribar fasaha don jawo masana'antar daga hanyar tarihinta. BC tana ƙoƙarin gina hanyarta ta hanyar babban jari da balagar tsari. Perovskite tandem na iya zama mahimmin juyi na gaba.

### Ra'ayin Ooitech

A matsayin mai lura da ɓangaren kayan aiki, Ooitech na ganin hawan TOPCon a matsayin tunatarwa cewa canjin fasahar hasken rana ana yanke shi a filin samarwa, ba kawai a cikin jadawalin inganci ba. Ga masu kera na'urori, hanyar cin nasara dole ta dace da ci gaban kayan aiki, saurin haɓaka yawan samarwa, samuwar kayan aiki, da kuma koyon ma'aikata. Matsala ta gaba za ta iya faruwa ne kawai lokacin da fasahar tandem ta ba da babban ci gaba wanda zai iya shawo kan matsalar TOPCon ta yanzu.

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