Injin Tabber da Stringer: Yadda Yake Aiki, Yadda Za a Zaɓa

Amsa mai sauri: Na'urar tabber da stringer ita ce injin da kowane module dole ya wuce kuma babu wata tasha daga baya da za ta iya gyara. Yana manna ribbon a kan sel ɗaya-ɗaya sannan ya haɗa su cikin jerin layi, kuma duk wani tsagewa ko haɗin sanyi da aka yi a nan ana rubuta shi cikin module ɗin da aka gama. Tashar tana gudanar da matakai biyu na zafi: sanya ribbon da manna, tare da ribbon kusan 0.15 mm da tsarin sel har zuwa 210 mm, kuma dole ta riƙe daidaiton sanyawa a cikin tsarin multi-busbar da back-contact. Injina a cikin ajin SS-1500B da SS-2500B suna sarrafa manyan tsare-tsare, kuma nau'ikan 0BB da BC suna buƙatar kayan aiki daban maimakon canjin saiti. Domin stringer yana ƙayyade ƙarfin module da iyakar samar da layi, yawanci shi ne cunkoson aiki na layin module kuma tasha ta farko da za a duba idan ƙarfin ya yi ƙasa.

Injin da kowane module dole ya wuce kuma babu wata tasha daga baya da za ta iya gyara — tashoshi, ƙayyadaddun soldering, dacewa da 0BB da BC, matakan farashi, da lahani da ke bayyana a masana'antu na gaske.

Samar da Module na PV · Jagorar Zaɓin Stringer · na Jerry, Ooitech

Inji ɗaya ne ke yanke shawarar ko module zai riƙe ƙarfinsa na shekaru 25: injin tabber da stringer. Kowane haɗin da yake soldering na dindindin ne — babu wata tasha daga baya da za ta iya gyara mara kyau. Ga yadda injin ɗin yake aiki, da yadda za ka zaɓi naka.

1. Abin da Injin ɗin Ke Yanke Shawara a Haƙiƙa

Tabber da stringer suna haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana tare, ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ta hanyar ribbon tagulla da aka yi wa tin: ribbon yana haɗawa da layukan grid na gaba na wani cell, yana naɗewa zuwa bayan na gaba, kuma yana maimaitawa har sai an sami cikakken string. Zafi yana narkar da murfin solder na ribbon zuwa haɗin metallurgical tare da yatsun cell — kuma wannan yanayin zafi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga wafer mai kauri kusan 130–180 μm, ko dai yana barin hanyar lantarki mai kyau ko kuma ɓoyayyen microcrack.

A kan layin samarwa injin yana tsaye bayan rarraba cell kuma kafin layup, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tsari na farko da ba za a iya juyawa ba tsakanin cell da module. Ana iya sake yin lamination, ana iya gyara framing, amma haɗin sanyi ko fashewar cell a cikin string da aka gama yana nan har abada. Shi ya sa masu siye da suka ƙware suke ciyar da lokaci mai yawa wajen duba wannan injin ɗaya fiye da sauran takardar farashin gaba ɗaya.

2. Cikin Injin: Tashoshi Shida

Layukan da aka gina don tsarin zero-busbar (0BB) suna ƙara tasha ta bakwai bayan soldering — maganin manne ko lamination na fim — wanda Sashe na 5 ya yi magana akai. Tushen tashoshi shida kuwa iri ɗaya ne a kan injin kowane masana'anta; abin da ke bambanta farashi shi ne daidaito, sarrafa dumama, da yawan aikin da robot ke yi.

3. Lambobin da Suke Da Muhimmanci a Takardar Bayani

Bayani uku ne ke hasashen duk sauran abubuwa game da injin ɗin. Adadin karyewa: injinan zamani suna riƙe ≤0.2% a kan ƙwayoyin A-grade — kada ka karɓi wani abu mafi sako-sako, domin karyewa a wannan tasha ɓarna ce da aikin sake gyarawa, har abada. Yawan Samarwa: injunan shigarwa suna gudanar da ~1,200 sel a kowace awa, aji na aiki na 2,400, kuma injunan ATW masu sauri 6,800 — auna wannan da naku injin lamination da shirin aikin ku, ba da kanun labarai na mai siyarwa ba. Daidaiton matsayi: ±0.15 mm matsayi da ±0.2 mm sanyawa sune ma'aunin yanzu; yayin da adadin busbar ke ƙaruwa kuma yatsu ke ƙara yin siriri, daidaito shine abin da ke riƙe ribbon a kan pads cikin sauri.

Wani bayani guda da ya cancanci nema: nawa cikakkun kayan ƙwayoyi suke zuwa tare da injin ɗin, kuma nawa ne kuɗin kit na biyu. Idan kana shirin yin amfani da fiye da nau'in ƙwaya ɗaya — kuma yawancin layukan a ƙarshe suna yin haka — canjin tsari ya dogara da kits na ajiya da girke-girken da aka adana.

4. IR Soldering Ya Yi Nasara — Tabbatar da Shi kuma Ci Gaba

Tsofaffin kasidu suna lissafa infrared, iska mai zafi, laser da induction gefe da gefe kamar zaɓi har yanzu a buɗe yake. Ba haka ba. Infrared shine ma'aunin samarwa mai yawa — mara taɓawa, balagagge, tare da sarrafa zafin da aka keɓe daban-daban — yayin da iska mai zafi ta bar sabbin layukan: dumama mara daidaito, jinkirin zagayowar, da girgizar zafi da siraran wafers ba za su iya jurewa ba. Laser da induction suna rayuwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ba su da yawa a farashin kayan aiki wanda tattalin arziki ba safai ya ba da hujja don haɗa module ba. Shawarar da ta fi muhimmanci a 2026 ba ita ce hanyar dumama ba amma ko dandalin IR zai iya haɓakawa zuwa 0BB daga baya.

5. Ainihin Tambayar 2026: Tsarin Busbar da 0BB

Ci gaban Stringer cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata labari ɗaya ne: busbars daga da yawa zuwa babu. MBB (multi-busbar) ya ba da hanya ga SMBB (15–25BB), kuma masana'antar yanzu tana matsawa zuwa 0BB — ƙananan wayoyi masu zagaye da aka narke kai tsaye a kan yatsu, suna adana man shafawa na azurfa, suna yanke shading da haɓaka wuta. Hasashen masana'antu sun nuna 0BB kusan kashi 90% shiga cikin 2026, wanda ke nufin injin da aka saya a yau wanda ba zai iya gudanar da 0BB yana fuskantar zama tsoho cikin shekaru biyu. Injin na yau da kullun yana rufe PERC da TOPCon a cikin 3–20BB a zahiri; 0BB tsari ne na ƙari, kuma hanyoyin huɗu sun bambanta sosai don canza sayan ku:

Zaɓi kan taswirar tantanin ku maimakon kan kuɗin yau. Idan kuna aiki da TOPCon kuma kuna tsammanin za ku ci gaba da kasancewa a can, solder da manne sun fi arha don gudanarwa kuma suna ginawa kan dandalin IR da kuka riga kuka saya. Idan BC ko HJT na cikin shirin, faɗin fim ɗin ya fi dacewa da darajarsa ta kowace module, kuma dole ne a yi odar injin ɗin a shirye don hakan maimakon a canza shi daga baya.

6. Dacewa da Tantan: Injin Ɗaya, Iyalan Tantan Huɗu

Idan shirin kasuwancin ku ya haɗa da aikin tolling — gudanar da nau'ikan tantan abokan ciniki da yawa akan layi ɗaya — dacewa tana da daraja fiye da mafi girman aiki. Kit ɗin tantan mai saurin canzawa tare da ingantaccen girke-girke da aka adana na kowane nau'i yana ba injin ɗaya damar canzawa tsakanin hanyoyi a cikin lokacin canji da ake auna shi cikin mintuna; injin da ba shi da wannan sassauci yana iyakance jerin abokan cinikin ku ga hanyar fasaha ɗaya.

Tuntuɓar baya ita ce yanayi ɗaya da tsarin lissafin injin ɗinka ya canza maimakon girke-girken sa. Haɗin yana motsawa zuwa baya, don haka daidaitawa ya zama matsalar kyamara, dole ne a gyara ribbon kafin a yi masa saida, kuma injin ɗumama yana aiki daga fuskar baya. Wannan tsarin shi ne abin da a injin ɗinka igiya na tantanin BC yake, kuma yana da kyau a duba ƙayyadaddun bayanai da buƙatun da ke cikin teburin da ke sama maimakon jerin tsarin tantanin halitta.

7. Abin da Tabber da Stringer Ke Kashewa, da Abin da Ke Canza Farashin

Matsakaicin jeri na farashin FOB China bisa nau'in inji: injunan farko kusan $60k–70k, aji na aiki na 2,400-cells/hour $120k–140k, da injunan ATW-class masu sauri na 6,800-cells/hour $380k–430k. A cikin aji ɗaya, bambanci tsakanin farashi biyu yawanci yakan fito daga abubuwa huɗu: an haɗa EL na ciki ko a'a (da adadin kyamarori nawa), sarrafa cell na mutum-mutumi ko na inji, adadin kayan aikin cell da girke-girken da aka adana da aka haɗa, da nawa ne aka saka farashin gwaji da horo. Idan farashin "aji ɗaya" ya yi ƙasa da jeri da kashi 30%, ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan huɗun ya ɓace a hankali daga takardar.

Bayyanawa, tunda za ku lura ko da yake: Ooitech na sayar da stringers — SS-1500B ɗinmu ita ce injin aji na farko, kuma SS-2500 ita ce mai aiki a kowane layi da muke aikawa. Ɗayan namu yana rufe cells 166–210 mm, 3–20BB, ribbon mai faɗin 0.35–1.0 mm, tare da daidaitawa ±0.15 mm, karyewa ≤0.2% da kyamarorin EL na ciki guda uku; ana ba da farashin tsarin da ya dace da BC da haɓakawa na manne/fim na 0BB bisa kowane aiki. Yi amfani da jerin da ke sama a kan kowane mai kaya, har da mu.

8. Lokacin da Abubuwa Suka Karkata: Lalacewa Uku daga Masana'antu na Gaskiya

Yawancin tambayoyin stringer da suka isa tashar tallafinmu ba gazawar kayan aiki ba ne. Karkatar da saiti ne, kuma iri ɗaya uku ne suke ci gaba da bayyana. Wayoyi da suke zaune a kan gurbin solder, yawanci a gefe ɗaya na string: duba ciyarwar ribbon da farko — jujjuyawar roll, matakin jirgin ribbon da mai yanka, tsayin haɗuwar mai yanka — kafin taɓa zafin jiki. Haɗin gwiwa masu baƙi ko marasa jika a gefen string yayin da tsakiyar ke solder da kyau: tambayar bayanin yankin dumama ce, ba tambayar cell ba; tsarin yankin yana buƙatar sake daidaitawa don tsarin da ke cikin injin. Karkatar da girke-girke bayan canjin cell: kowane tsarin cell — rabin-yanke TOPCon yana aiki daban da 182 PERC — yana son nasa ingantaccen girke-girken dumama, kuma al'ada mafi amfani ita ce adana girke-girke na kowane tsari maimakon daidaita saiti ɗaya da aka raba. Ma'aikatan da suka koyi wannan al'ada a mako na farko sun daina rasa karshen mako saboda ita a wata na shida.

Wannan kuma ita ce amsar gaskiya ga "har yaushe za mu fara samar da adadin da aka ƙididdige": injin ɗin yana iya aiki tun ranar farko ta gwaji; ɗakin karatun girke-girke da idon ma'aikaci suna ɗaukar watanni biyu zuwa uku don ginawa. Sayi injin ɗin daga wanda zai kasance ana iya samunsa a wannan lokacin. Yadda za a tabbatar da hakan kafin ku biya ajiya an bayyana shi a kimanta masana'antar injin tabber stringer.

Tambayoyi akai-akai — Injin Tabber da Stringer

Nawa ne farashin injin tabber da stringer?

Matsakaicin FOB China: $60k–70k don injin farko, $120k–140k don aji na aiki na 2,400-cells/hour, $380k–430k don na'urori masu sauri na ATW. Inline EL, sarrafa mutum-mutumi, kayan sel na ajiya da iyakokin ƙaddamarwa suna motsa farashi a cikin rukuninsa.

Menene ma'anar adadin aikin stringer a zahiri?

Sel a kowace awa, ana auna su akan tsarin da injin ɗin ya ƙididdige. Stringers biyu na aji na farko a kusan sel 1,200/h suna ciyar da layin rabin-atomatik na panel 16 a kowace awa; inji ɗaya na sel 2,400/h yana riƙe da layin 20–60 MW; injunan sel 6,800/h suna bayyana da yawa akan layukan 150–600 MW. Koyaushe duba adadin aiki da zagayowar laminator ɗinka, ba a keɓe ba.

Shin stringer ɗaya zai iya tafiyar da sel PERC, TOPCon, HJT da BC?

PERC da TOPCon, i, akan inji guda ɗaya na yau da kullun tare da girke-girken kowane tsari da kayan tantanin halitta. HJT na buƙatar tsarin zafin jiki mai ƙasa, kuma tsarin BC na buƙatar stringer mai dacewa da BC. Idan yawan BC ko HJT na cikin shirin ku, tabbatar da wannan dacewa kafin kwatanta kowane ƙayyadaddun bayani.

Wane adadin karyewa ne takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya kamata ta yi alkawari?

≤0.2% akan tantanin halitta na A-grade don injunan zamani — adadi ɗaya a duk azuzuwan shiga da na aiki. Duk abin da ya fi sassauci yana cin kuɗin tarkace har abada; duk abin da ya fi tsanani sosai ya cancanci tambayar tabbatarwa game da yanayin gwajin.

Me ya sa wayoyin ribbon ke rasa faffadan solder?

Kusan koyaushe saitin ciyarwar ribbon ne, ba tantanin halitta ba: rolls ba su zauna ba, jirgin ribbon bai daidaita da mai yanka ba, ko haɗuwar mai yanka a tsayi mara kyau. Gyara hanyar ciyarwa da farko; sannan kawai duba saitunan yankin dumama.

Shin har yanzu ya cancanci yin la'akari da stringing na iska mai zafi?

A'a, don sabbin layukan. Dumama mara daidaituwa, lokutan zagayowar jinkiri da girgizar zafi akan wafers na sirara sun kori iska mai zafi daga samarwa mai yawa. Zaɓi dandamalin IR kuma kashe lokacin yanke shawara akan hanyar haɓakawa ta 0BB maimakon.

Shin stringer ɗin yana buƙatar EL na cikin layi?

Ee. Stringing shine tsari na farko da ba a iya juyawa, kuma inline EL shine kawai bincike da ke kama microcracks da ribbon mara daidaito kafin lamination ya kulle su a cikin module. Yin watsi da shi don adana kuɗi yana mai da farashin inji da ake gani zuwa farashin tarkace da ba a gani.

Menene 0BB kuma shin injina na buƙatarsa?

Sifili busbar: ana sayar da wayoyi kai tsaye a kan yatsu, wanda ke adana man shuɗi na azurfa da rage shading. Hasashen masana'antu ya nuna zai kusan kai kashi 90% na shiga ciki nan da 2026, don haka injin da aka saya yau ya kamata aƙalla ya karɓi haɓakar manne ko film daga baya — dandalin IR mai ikon solder+manne shine hanya mafi dacewa.

Bayanin ƙayyadaddun yana nuni ga bayanan injin Ooitech; jeri na farashi yana nuna kewayon kasuwar FOB China na yau da kullum kuma yana canzawa da tsari — tabbatar da farashi na yanzu kafin yin kasafin kuɗi.

Masu alaƙa: Abin da ribbon na PV ke yi: ayyuka uku, musanya ɗaya yana bayyana abin da ribbon ɗin yake yi da zarar an kafa igiyar.

Masu alaƙa: 0BB akan sel masu tuntuɓa ta baya: riba da iyakokin samarwa yana rufe buƙatun gefen inji lokacin da adadin waya ya ƙaru kuma kowace waya ta yi siriri.

Masu alaƙa: Fasahar tantanin 0BB: abin da cire busbar ke canzawa yana bayyana abin da inji dole ya riƙe lokacin da ribbon ɗin ya zama wayoyi siriri ashirin.

Masu alaƙa: Yankan Laser a cikin TOPCon: sanya sassan da aka yanka su zama masu kariya yana kan fuskar yanke maimakon haɗin: abin da bangon tsagi yake yi ta hanyar lantarki da zarar an raba kwata ɗin.

Masu alaƙa: Yadda ake yin ribbon na PV: ja, annealing da tinning yana bayyana yadda sarrafa na'urar stringer ke mai da daidaiton ribbon zuwa amfanin layi.

Masu alaƙa: Ingancin module da ƙarfi: me ya sa 740 W zai iya zama ƙasa da 675 W shine inda karamin haƙuri na sanyawa ke juya zuwa amfanin layi.

Masu alaƙa: Yadda ake yin panel ɗin rana: kowane mataki da kowane bincike shine inda bambancin sanyawa da walda ya fi muhimmanci.

Masu alaƙa: MC4 ko mai dacewa da MC4: abin da sunan mahaɗin ke nufi ana murƙushe shi a kan wayoyin da ke fitowa daga string ɗin.

Masu alaƙa: Hanyoyin haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana: jagora ta kowane yanki. Idan kana son ra'ayin matakin sashe da ke bayan waɗannan tashoshi, wannan yana bin dukkan yankuna shida.

Masu alaƙa: Kwance da ribbon mai zagaye: me ya sa ƙwayoyin BC suka karya ka'ida — yadda sashin ribbon ke canza injin da kuke buƙata.

Masu alaƙa: Ƙwayoyin haɗin gwiwa na BC: abin da 28% har yanzu ya kamata ya tabbatar — abin da iyakar 200 C ke yi wa injin da ke haɗa shi.

Ƙarin karatu da bayanan baya

Kayan tunani na jama'a kan wannan batu, wanda ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da taswirar fasahar masana'antar da bayanan kasuwa suka wallafa:

• VDMA — Taswirar Fasahar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Photovoltaic (ITRPV)
• pv mujallar — labaran masana'antar PV na duniya da ɗaukar fasaha
• Fraunhofer ISE — Rahoton Photovoltaics