Injin Tabber da Stringer: Yadda Yake Aiki, Yadda Za a Zaɓa
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Injin Tabber da Stringer: Yadda Yake Aiki, Yadda Za a Zaɓa
Injin da kowane module dole ya wuce kuma babu wata tasha daga baya da za ta iya gyara — tashoshi, ƙayyadaddun soldering, dacewa da 0BB da BC, matakan farashi, da lahani da ke bayyana a masana'antu na gaske.
Samar da Module na PV · Jagorar Zaɓin Stringer · na Jerry, Ooitech
Inji ɗaya ne ke yanke shawarar ko module zai riƙe ƙarfinsa na shekaru 25: injin tabber da stringer. Kowane haɗin da yake soldering na dindindin ne — babu wata tasha daga baya da za ta iya gyara mara kyau. Ga yadda injin ɗin yake aiki, da yadda za ka zaɓi naka.
1. Abin da Injin ɗin Ke Yanke Shawara a Haƙiƙa
Tabber da stringer suna haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana tare, ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ta hanyar ribbon tagulla da aka yi wa tin: ribbon yana haɗawa da layukan grid na gaba na wani cell, yana naɗewa zuwa bayan na gaba, kuma yana maimaitawa har sai an sami cikakken string. Zafi yana narkar da murfin solder na ribbon zuwa haɗin metallurgical tare da yatsun cell — kuma wannan yanayin zafi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga wafer mai kauri kusan 130–180 μm, ko dai yana barin hanyar lantarki mai kyau ko kuma ɓoyayyen microcrack.
A kan layin samarwa injin yana tsaye bayan rarraba cell kuma kafin layup, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tsari na farko da ba za a iya juyawa ba tsakanin cell da module. Ana iya sake yin lamination, ana iya gyara framing, amma haɗin sanyi ko fashewar cell a cikin string da aka gama yana nan har abada. Shi ya sa masu siye da suka ƙware suke ciyar da lokaci mai yawa wajen duba wannan injin ɗaya fiye da sauran takardar farashin gaba ɗaya.
2. Cikin Injin: Tashoshi Shida
| Tasha | Abin da ke faruwa | Abin da za a duba lokacin siye |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Lodawa & rarrabawa | An loda ƙwayoyin, an daidaita su da kyamarar CCD | Ƙayyadaddun daidaito na alignment (±0.15 mm aji akan injuna na yanzu) |
| 2. Fesa flux | Flux yana shirya saman solder | Daidaiton auna; yawanci ana samun flux a gida |
| 3. Ciyar da ribbon | An kafa ribbon mai lebur, an yanka kuma an ajiye a kan pads | Kewayon faɗin ribbon (0.35–1.2 mm na yau da kullum), daidaitawar abin yanka — yawancin matsalolin daidaitawa suna farawa a nan |
| 4. IR tabbing | Fitilun infrared suna narkar da solder | Adadin yankunan dumama da ake sarrafa su daban; ajiya ta kowane girke-girke |
| 5. Stringing | An haɗa sel gaba-da-baya cikin string, robot ne ke jera su | Kewayon tazarar sel (1.5–10 mm), laushin kulawa |
| 6. Inline EL | Binciken electroluminescence akan string ɗin da aka gama | Ana haɗa shi ko na zaɓi; ƙuduri da adadin kamara |
Layukan da aka gina don tsarin zero-busbar (0BB) suna ƙara tasha ta bakwai bayan soldering — maganin manne ko lamination na fim — wanda Sashe na 5 ya yi magana akai. Tushen tashoshi shida kuwa iri ɗaya ne a kan injin kowane masana'anta; abin da ke bambanta farashi shi ne daidaito, sarrafa dumama, da yawan aikin da robot ke yi.
3. Lambobin da Suke Da Muhimmanci a Takardar Bayani
Bayani uku ne ke hasashen duk sauran abubuwa game da injin ɗin. Adadin karyewa: injinan zamani suna riƙe ≤0.2% a kan ƙwayoyin A-grade — kada ka karɓi wani abu mafi sako-sako, domin karyewa a wannan tasha ɓarna ce da aikin sake gyarawa, har abada. Yawan Samarwa: injinan farko suna gudanar da kusan ƙwayoyi 1,200 a awa ɗaya, ajin aiki na yau da kullum 2,400, kuma injinan ATW masu sauri 6,800 — a auna wannan da laminator ɗinka da shirin aikinka, ba da kanun labarin mai sayarwa ba. Daidaiton matsayi: ±0.15 mm matsayi da ±0.2 mm sanyawa sune ma'aunin yanzu; yayin da adadin busbar ke ƙaruwa kuma yatsu ke ƙara yin siriri, daidaito shine abin da ke riƙe ribbon a kan pads cikin sauri.
Wani bayani guda da ya cancanci nema: nawa cikakkun kayan ƙwayoyi suke zuwa tare da injin ɗin, kuma nawa ne kuɗin kit na biyu. Idan kana shirin yin amfani da fiye da nau'in ƙwaya ɗaya — kuma yawancin layukan a ƙarshe suna yin haka — canjin tsari ya dogara da kits na ajiya da girke-girken da aka adana.
4. IR Soldering Ya Yi Nasara — Tabbatar da Shi kuma Ci Gaba
Tsofaffin kasidu suna lissafa infrared, iska mai zafi, laser da induction gefe da gefe kamar zaɓi har yanzu a buɗe yake. Ba haka ba. Infrared shine ma'aunin samarwa mai yawa — mara taɓawa, balagagge, tare da sarrafa zafin da aka keɓe daban-daban — yayin da iska mai zafi ta bar sabbin layukan: dumama mara daidaito, jinkirin zagayowar, da girgizar zafi da siraran wafers ba za su iya jurewa ba. Laser da induction suna rayuwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ba su da yawa a farashin kayan aiki wanda tattalin arziki ba safai ya ba da hujja don haɗa module ba. Shawarar da ta fi muhimmanci a 2026 ba ita ce hanyar dumama ba amma ko dandalin IR zai iya haɓakawa zuwa 0BB daga baya.
5. Ainihin Tambayar 2026: Tsarin Busbar da 0BB
Ci gaban Stringer a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata labari ne guda: busbars daga da yawa zuwa babu. MBB (multi-busbar) ya ba da hanya ga SMBB (15–25BB), kuma masana'antar yanzu tana matsawa zuwa 0BB — ƙananan wayoyi masu zagaye da aka sayar kai tsaye a kan yatsu, adana man shafawa na azurfa, yanke shading da haɓaka wuta. Hasashen masana'antu ya sanya 0BB kusa da 90% shiga nan da 2026, wanda ke nufin injin da aka saya yau wanda ba zai iya gudanar da 0BB yana fuskantar haɗarin zama tsoho cikin shekaru biyu. Injin na yau da kullun yana rufe PERC da TOPCon a cikin 3–20BB ta asali; 0BB tsari ne na ƙari, kuma hanyoyin huɗu sun bambanta sosai don canza sayan ku:
| Hanyar 0BB | Yadda yake haɗawa | Musanya |
|---|---|---|
| Solder + manne | IR yana ɗaure waya, manne thermoset yana ƙarfafawa | Mafi tattalin arziki a samarwa mai yawa; yana buƙatar daidaiton rarraba manne mai girma — hanyar haɓakawa ta halitta don IR stringer |
| Fim | Fim ɗin polymer yana riƙe wayoyi, yana haɗawa yayin lamination | Mafi faɗin dacewa da nau'in tantanin halitta (TOPCon/HJT/BC) da babban aminci; fim yana ƙara farashi |
| Rarraba manne | Rarraba, tsara waya, warkewa | Kayan aiki mai sauƙi, mai tsayawa; ƙarin kuɗin manne da yiwuwar inuwar EL a ƙarƙashin waya |
| SmartWire | Fim ɗin haɗe-haɗe + grid ɗin waya | Hanya da aka kafa; haƙƙin mallaka na kariya har zuwa 2034 tare da tsadar fim |
6. Dacewa da Tantan: Injin Ɗaya, Iyalan Tantan Huɗu
| Nau'in tantanin halitta | Buƙatar stringing | Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita |
|---|---|---|
| PERC | Balagagge, mai tsada | IR na yau da kullum, MBB/SMBB |
| TOPCon | Nau'in N, SMBB yana motsawa zuwa 0BB | IR na yau da kullum / 0BB solder+manne |
| HJT | Mai saurin amsa yanayin zafi ƙasa, wafer na bakin ciki | IR na zafi ƙasa / 0BB fim ko manne |
| BC (IBC/ABC/HPBC) | Back-contact, babu gaban busbar | Tsarin stringer mai dacewa da BC — tabbatar kafin ambaton wani abu |
Idan shirin kasuwancin ku ya haɗa da aikin tolling — gudanar da nau'ikan tantan abokan ciniki da yawa akan layi ɗaya — dacewa tana da daraja fiye da mafi girman aiki. Kit ɗin tantan mai saurin canzawa tare da ingantaccen girke-girke da aka adana na kowane nau'i yana ba injin ɗaya damar canzawa tsakanin hanyoyi a cikin lokacin canji da ake auna shi cikin mintuna; injin da ba shi da wannan sassauci yana iyakance jerin abokan cinikin ku ga hanyar fasaha ɗaya.
7. Abin da Tabber da Stringer Ke Kashewa, da Abin da Ke Canza Farashin
Matsakaicin jeri na farashin FOB China bisa nau'in inji: injunan farko kusan $60k–70k, aji na aiki na 2,400-cells/hour $120k–140k, da injunan ATW-class masu sauri na 6,800-cells/hour $380k–430k. A cikin aji ɗaya, bambanci tsakanin farashi biyu yawanci yakan fito daga abubuwa huɗu: an haɗa EL na ciki ko a'a (da adadin kyamarori nawa), sarrafa cell na mutum-mutumi ko na inji, adadin kayan aikin cell da girke-girken da aka adana da aka haɗa, da nawa ne aka saka farashin gwaji da horo. Idan farashin "aji ɗaya" ya yi ƙasa da jeri da kashi 30%, ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan huɗun ya ɓace a hankali daga takardar.
Bayyanawa, tunda za ku lura ko da yake: Ooitech na sayar da stringers — SS-1500B ɗinmu ita ce injin aji na farko, kuma SS-2500 ita ce mai aiki a kowane layi da muke aikawa. Ɗayan namu yana rufe cells 166–210 mm, 3–20BB, ribbon mai faɗin 0.35–1.0 mm, tare da daidaitawa ±0.15 mm, karyewa ≤0.2% da kyamarorin EL na ciki guda uku; ana ba da farashin tsarin da ya dace da BC da haɓakawa na manne/fim na 0BB bisa kowane aiki. Yi amfani da jerin da ke sama a kan kowane mai kaya, har da mu.
8. Lokacin da Abubuwa Suka Karkata: Lalacewa Uku daga Masana'antu na Gaskiya
Yawancin tambayoyin stringer da suka isa tashar tallafinmu ba gazawar kayan aiki ba ne. Karkatar da saiti ne, kuma iri ɗaya uku ne suke ci gaba da bayyana. Wayoyi da suke zaune a kan gurbin solder, yawanci a gefe ɗaya na string: duba ciyarwar ribbon da farko — jujjuyawar roll, matakin jirgin ribbon da mai yanka, tsayin haɗuwar mai yanka — kafin taɓa zafin jiki. Haɗin gwiwa masu baƙi ko marasa jika a gefen string yayin da tsakiyar ke solder da kyau: tambayar bayanin yankin dumama ce, ba tambayar cell ba; tsarin yankin yana buƙatar sake daidaitawa don tsarin da ke cikin injin. Karkatar da girke-girke bayan canjin cell: kowane tsarin cell — rabin-yanke TOPCon yana aiki daban da 182 PERC — yana son nasa ingantaccen girke-girken dumama, kuma al'ada mafi amfani ita ce adana girke-girke na kowane tsari maimakon daidaita saiti ɗaya da aka raba. Ma'aikatan da suka koyi wannan al'ada a mako na farko sun daina rasa karshen mako saboda ita a wata na shida.
Wannan kuma ita ce amsa ta gaskiya ga "har yaushe za mu sami yawan amfanin da aka ƙididdige": injin ɗin yana iya aiki tun ranar farko ta ƙaddamarwa; ɗakin karatun girke-girke da idon ma'aikaci suna ɗaukar watanni biyu zuwa uku don ginawa. Sayi injin ɗin daga wanda zai kasance mai isa ga wannan lokacin.
Tambayoyi akai-akai — Injin Tabber da Stringer
Nawa ne farashin injin tabber da stringer?
Matsakaicin FOB China: $60k–70k don injin farko, $120k–140k don aji na aiki na 2,400-cells/hour, $380k–430k don na'urori masu sauri na ATW. Inline EL, sarrafa mutum-mutumi, kayan sel na ajiya da iyakokin ƙaddamarwa suna motsa farashi a cikin rukuninsa.
Menene ma'anar adadin aikin stringer a zahiri?
Sel a kowace awa, ana auna su akan tsarin da injin ɗin ya ƙididdige. Stringers biyu na aji na farko a kusan sel 1,200/h suna ciyar da layin rabin-atomatik na panel 16 a kowace awa; inji ɗaya na sel 2,400/h yana riƙe da layin 20–60 MW; injunan sel 6,800/h suna bayyana da yawa akan layukan 150–600 MW. Koyaushe duba adadin aiki da zagayowar laminator ɗinka, ba a keɓe ba.
Shin stringer ɗaya zai iya tafiyar da sel PERC, TOPCon, HJT da BC?
PERC da TOPCon, i, akan inji guda ɗaya na yau da kullun tare da girke-girken kowane tsari da kayan tantanin halitta. HJT na buƙatar tsarin zafin jiki mai ƙasa, kuma tsarin BC na buƙatar stringer mai dacewa da BC. Idan yawan BC ko HJT na cikin shirin ku, tabbatar da wannan dacewa kafin kwatanta kowane ƙayyadaddun bayani.
Wane adadin karyewa ne takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya kamata ta yi alkawari?
≤0.2% akan tantanin halitta na A-grade don injunan zamani — adadi ɗaya a duk azuzuwan shiga da na aiki. Duk abin da ya fi sassauci yana cin kuɗin tarkace har abada; duk abin da ya fi tsanani sosai ya cancanci tambayar tabbatarwa game da yanayin gwajin.
Me ya sa wayoyin ribbon ke rasa faffadan solder?
Kusan koyaushe saitin ciyarwar ribbon ne, ba tantanin halitta ba: rolls ba su zauna ba, jirgin ribbon bai daidaita da mai yanka ba, ko haɗuwar mai yanka a tsayi mara kyau. Gyara hanyar ciyarwa da farko; sannan kawai duba saitunan yankin dumama.
Shin har yanzu ya cancanci yin la'akari da stringing na iska mai zafi?
A'a, don sabbin layukan. Dumama mara daidaituwa, lokutan zagayowar jinkiri da girgizar zafi akan wafers na sirara sun kori iska mai zafi daga samarwa mai yawa. Zaɓi dandamalin IR kuma kashe lokacin yanke shawara akan hanyar haɓakawa ta 0BB maimakon.
Shin stringer ɗin yana buƙatar EL na cikin layi?
Ee. Stringing shine tsari na farko da ba a iya juyawa, kuma inline EL shine kawai bincike da ke kama microcracks da ribbon mara daidaito kafin lamination ya kulle su a cikin module. Yin watsi da shi don adana kuɗi yana mai da farashin inji da ake gani zuwa farashin tarkace da ba a gani.
Menene 0BB kuma shin injina na buƙatarsa?
Sifili busbar: ana sayar da wayoyi kai tsaye a kan yatsu, wanda ke adana man shuɗi na azurfa da rage shading. Hasashen masana'antu ya nuna zai kusan kai kashi 90% na shiga ciki nan da 2026, don haka injin da aka saya yau ya kamata aƙalla ya karɓi haɓakar manne ko film daga baya — dandalin IR mai ikon solder+manne shine hanya mafi dacewa.
Bayanin ƙayyadaddun yana nuni ga bayanan injin Ooitech; jeri na farashi yana nuna kewayon kasuwar FOB China na yau da kullum kuma yana canzawa da tsari — tabbatar da farashi na yanzu kafin yin kasafin kuɗi.
