How to Accurately Measure the IV Curve of a Solar PV Module
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Gabatarwar Samfur
Daga auna mara tabbas zuwa gwajin PV module mai dogaro
Ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige shi ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman alamomin lantarki na photovoltaic module. Amma a ina ne wannan lambar ta fito? A yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ƙwararru da layukan samar da solar module, amsar tana farawa da gwajin IV curve.
Gwajin IV curve ita ce hanya ta asali da ake amfani da ita don tantance aikin hasken rana. Tana tantance mahimman sigogin lantarki kamar gajeren zango na yanzu, buɗaɗɗen kewayawa na wutar lantarki, mafi girman ƙarfi da fill factor. Waɗannan ƙididdiga ba lambobi ne kawai da aka buga akan lakabi ba; suna tasiri ga rarraba samfur, kula da ingancin masana'anta, kimanta bankability da hasashen aikin aikin dogon lokaci.
Duk da haka, auna IV curve daidai ba abu ne mai sauƙi kamar sanya samfur a ƙarƙashin haske da karanta ƙima ba. Daidaiton haske, daidaiton bakan, zafin samfur, tasirin capacitance, juriyar lamba da daidaitawar irradiance duk na iya canza sakamakon ƙarfin ƙarshe.
Ilimin asali game da auna IV curve
Kafin tattauna yadda ake inganta daidaiton auna, yana da amfani a fahimci ma'anar asali na IV curve.
IV curve ita ce lankwasa halayyar wutar lantarki na yanzu na samfurin hasken rana. Tana nuna fitar da yanzu na samfur a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar nazarin wannan lankwasa, ana iya samun wasu mahimman sigogi.
Gajeren zango na yanzu, Isc: ƙimar yanzu lokacin da wutar lantarki ta kasance 0. Yana nuna ikon samar da yanzu da haske ya haifar na samfur.
Ƙarfin buɗaɗɗen kewayawa, Voc: ƙimar wutar lantarki lokacin da na'urar wutar lantarki ta kasance 0. Yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki da hasken rana ke samarwa.
Matsayin mafi girman wutar lantarki, Pmax: matsayin da na'urar ke samar da mafi girman wutar lantarki ta DC.
Don daidaita sakamakon aunawa, masana'antar PV galibi tana amfani da yanayin gwaji na daidaitaccen, wanda ake kira STC.
| Yanayin Gwaji | Ƙimar Misali |
|---|---|
| Hasken rana | 1000 W/m² |
| Bakan haske | AM1.5G |
| Zazzabi na tantanin haske | 25°C |
Babban kayan aikin da ake amfani da shi don auna IV curve shine na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana. Yana samar da yanayin haske mai sarrafawa wanda yake kama da hasken rana kuma yana bawa mai gwajin damar samar da IV curve na na'urar. Aikin na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana yana shafar daidaiton aunawa na ƙarshe.
Ma'aunin Fasaha
Mahimman ka'idoji da wuraren sarrafa aunawa
Ma'aunin IV daidai ya dogara da aikin kayan aiki da kuma hanyar gwaji daidai. Tebur mai zuwa ya taƙaita mahimman sigogin fasaha da ma'aunin tunani da ake amfani da su a gwajin IV na PV module.
| Abu | Bukatar Fasaha | Dalilin Muhimmancinsa | Ma'auni ko Hanyar da ta dace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matsayin haske | 1000 W/m² a ƙarƙashin STC | Yana shafar Isc da Pmax kai tsaye | IEC 60904 jerin |
| Bakan haske | AM1.5G bakan tunani | Yana rage kuskuren rashin daidaituwa na bakan | IEC 60904-9, IEC 60904-7 |
| Zafin module | 25°C a ƙarƙashin STC | Ƙarfin wuta yana canzawa da zafin jiki | IEC 60891 |
| Daidaituwar haske | Zai fi dacewa Class A+; rashin daidaituwa kasa da 1% | Yana guje wa haske mai yawa ko ƙarancin haske a fadin module | IEC 60904-9 |
| Rashin kwanciyar hankali na lokaci | Hasken tsayayye yayin bugun awo ko lokacin fallasa | Yana hana murdiya ta lankwasa da rashin daidaiton haske ke haifarwa | IEC 60904-9 |
| Na'urar tunani | Kwayar WPVS da aka daidaita ko ingantaccen samfurin tunani | Yana tabbatar da bin diddigin daidaiton haske | Ma'aunin Hasken Rana na Duniya, aikin IEC |
| Gyaran rashin daidaiton bakan | An lissafta ma'aunin gyara lokacin da na'urar tunani da samfurin gwaji suka bambanta | Yana inganta daidaito ga fasahohin sel daban-daban | IEC 60904-7 |
| Fassarar lankwasa IV | Gyaran zafin jiki da haske lokacin da yanayin gwaji ya bambanta da STC | Yana canza lankwasa da aka auna zuwa yanayin rahoto na yau da kullun | IEC 60891 |
| Hanyar tuntuɓar | Ana ba da shawarar awo mai wayoyi huɗu | Yana rage faɗuwar wutar lantarki da kuskuren juriyar tuntuɓar | Kyakkyawan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje |
| Dabarun bincike | Sannu a hankali, mataki-mataki, multi-flash ko bidirectional scan don ingantattun kayayyaki | Yana rage tasirin capacitance da hysteresis | Hanyar gwaji da ta dogara da fasaha |
Me yasa aikin solar simulator yake da mahimmanci
Solar simulator ba hasken rana na halitta ba ne. Dole ne a sarrafa kuma a tabbatar da ƙarfin haskensa, bakan, daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali. Ko da ƙaramin kuskure na iya haifar da bambanci a cikin IV curve da aka auna, musamman lokacin gwajin ingantattun kayayyaki kamar PERC, TOPCon, HJT ko wasu tsarin sel na ci gaba.
Ga layin samarwa, wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda kowane kayan aiki ana ƙididdige shi bisa ga ƙarfin da aka auna. Kuskuren tsari na 1% a cikin gyaran haske ko zafin jiki na iya haifar da tasirin kasuwanci kai tsaye.
Fa'idodin Fasaha
Yadda ake motsawa daga gwajin da ba daidai ba zuwa gwajin daidai
Kodayake auna IV curve yana jagorantar ka'idoji, yawancin matsalolin aiki na iya rage daidaiton gwaji. Wadannan sune matsalolin da aka fi sani da kuma hanyoyin fasaha da aka ba da shawarar.
1. Daidaituwar haske na solar simulator
Hasken daga na'urar kwaikwayo ya kamata ya rufe dukkan saman module daidai gwargwado. Idan hasken bai daidaita ba, wurare daban-daban na module suna samun ƙarfin haske daban. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki a cikin module kuma yana iya sa IV curve ya zama mai mataki ko mara kyau.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Yi amfani da na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana mai inganci tare da kyakkyawan daidaiton haske.
Don gwaji mai mahimmanci, yi niyya IEC 60904-9 Class A+ uniformity, ma'ana rashin daidaito kasa da 1%.
A kai a kai yi taswirar filin gwaji don duba ko dukkan yankin module yana samun haske iri ɗaya.
2. Bakan haske da rashin daidaiton bakan
Bakan na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana ba ta zama daidai da bakan AM1.5G ba. A lokaci guda, amsawar bakan na'urar tunani na iya bambanta da na module da ake gwadawa. Wannan yana haifar da kuskuren rashin daidaiton bakan.
Misali, tantanin tunani da module na TOPCon na iya ba da amsa daidai ba ga nau'ikan tsawon raƙuman haske daban-daban. Idan aka yi watsi da wannan bambanci, ƙarfin da aka auna na iya canzawa.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Yi amfani da na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana mai ƙarfin aikin bakan daidai da IEC 60904-9.
Ƙimar SPC mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce aka fi so.
Yi lissafin ma'aunin gyara rashin daidaituwa na bakan haske bisa ga IEC 60904-7.
Yi amfani da hanyoyin gyara lanƙwasa IV bisa ga IEC 60891 idan ya cancanta.
3. Sarrafa zafin jiki
Tsarukan hasken rana na siliki mai lu'ulu'u suna da saurin zafin jiki. Idan zafin jiki ya tashi da 1°C, ƙarfin fitarwa na iya raguwa da kusan 0.25% zuwa 0.5%, ya danganta da fasahar tsarin da ma'aunin zafin jiki.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin amfani da na'urorin hasken rana masu dogon bugun jini ko masu tsayayyen yanayi. Yayin fallasa, zafin tsarin na iya tashi da sauri kuma ya haifar da karkacewar auna.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Ka kiyaye yanayin gwaji kusa da 25°C.
Yi amfani da na'urorin auna zafin jiki don lura da zafin saman tsarin a ainihin lokaci.
Idan zafin tsarin ya bambanta da STC, yi amfani da gyaran zafin jiki bisa ga IEC 60891.
Ka guji fallasa mai tsawo kafin auna, musamman ga tsarukan da suke saurin zafin jiki.
4. Tasirin capacitance da jinkiri
Abubuwa masu inganci kamar PERC, TOPCon da HJT na iya nuna halayen da suka shafi capacitance yayin binciken IV. Idan saurin binciken ya yi sauri, wutar lantarki da na'urar ba za su iya kaiwa ga yanayin kwanciyar hankali a kowane matsayi ba. Sakamakon shi ne hysteresis, inda binciken gaba da baya ba su cika haɗuwa ba.
Wannan yana shafar ƙimar da aka auna kai tsaye kamar Pmax, fill factor kuma wani lokacin ma ƙididdigar Voc ko Isc.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Yi amfani da binciken layi mai hankali don ba da damar amsawar lantarki ta daidaita.
Yi amfani da hanyoyin multi-flash don kwaikwayi binciken a hankali, kodayake wannan na iya rage yawan aiki.
Yi amfani da bincike mataki-mataki, jira a kowane matakin wutar lantarki har sai wutar ta daidaita kafin matsa zuwa mataki na gaba.
Yi amfani da binciken gaba da baya don kimantawa da gyara halayen hysteresis.
Fasahohi kamar DragonBack, Dynamic IV da hanyoyin gyaran hysteresis na ci gaba misalai ne na hanyoyin masana'antu masu amfani.
5. Juriya na tuntuɓar
Juriya na tuntuɓar matsala ce ta gama gari a gwajin IV. Rashin kyakkyawar tuntuɓar tsakanin na'urar gwaji da tashoshin module na iya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki ko rashin daidaiton auna na'urar. Wannan na iya lalata layin IV da rage maimaitawa.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Yi amfani da ma'aunin waya huɗu don raba hanyoyin ɗaukar wuta da na gani.
Tsaftace masu haɗawa, probes da clamps akai-akai.
Sauya lambobin gwaji da suka lalace ko suka yi tsufa akai-akai.
Duba sake maimaitawa lokacin da baƙon lanƙwasa ya bayyana.
6. Gyaran hasken rana na na'urar kwaikwayo
A ma'aunin IV na PV module, daidaiton hasken rana yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa. STC na buƙatar gwaji a 1000 W/m², amma tambaya mai amfani ita ce: ta yaya za mu tabbata cewa na'urar kwaikwayo ta kai 1000 W/m² a filin gwaji?
Hasken rana na na'urar kwaikwayo yana canjawa akan lokaci. Tsufa na fitila, gurɓata na gani da kuma canjin tsarin na iya canza ainihin hasken rana. Don haka, gyaran hasken rana na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci.
Magani da aka ba da shawara:
Yi amfani da na'urar tunani ta farko kamar kwayar WPVS don gyara.
Gyara na'urar kwaikwayo akai-akai tare da na'urar tunani.
Yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin hasken rana a matsayin kwayar WPVS da matsakaicin hasken rana a kan cikakken filin gwaji.
Idan aka yi watsi da wannan alaƙar sarari, kurakurai sama da 1% na iya faruwa.
Aikace-aikacen Samfur
Kwayar WPVS: tushen izini don daidaita hasken rana
A masana'antar hasken rana, ana samun daidaiton hasken rana ta hanyar na'urar da aka daidaita. Kwayar WPVS, gajarta ce ga kwayar Ma'aunin Hasken Rana ta Duniya, tana ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin farko da aka fi amfani da su.
Kwayar WPVS wata kwayar rana ce mai inganci da ake amfani da ita don daidaita na'urorin auna ƙarfin hasken rana. Babban aikinta shine samar da ma'auni na duniya don kwatanta sakamakon auna daga dakunan gwaji daban-daban da layukan samarwa.
Yadda ake daidaita kwayar WPVS
Don tabbatar da cewa hasken rana na'urar kwaikwayo da gaske 1000 W/m² ne, dole ne a fara daidaita kwayar WPVS ta hanyar cibiyar ma'auni da aka amince da ita a duniya.
Yayin daidaitawa, cibiyar tana auna gajeren kewayawar kwayar WPVS a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun: AM1.5G bakan da 1000 W/m² haske. Wannan ƙimar da aka auna ta zama ƙimar da za a yi amfani da ita daga baya don daidaita na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana.
A halin yanzu, cibiyoyin da aka amince da su a duniya waɗanda ke iya daidaita na'urorin farko sun haɗa da:
NREL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States
PTB, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany
AIST, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Union
Sakamakon gyare-gyaren su ana karɓa sosai daga masana'antar PV ta duniya kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin ma'aunin zinari don auna ƙarfin PV module.
Inda ake amfani da gwajin IV daidai
Gwajin IV daidai yana da mahimmanci a yawancin yanayin PV:
Layukan samar da Solar module: don auna ƙarfi na ƙarshe, rarrabuwa da lakabi.
Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na PV: don takaddun shaida, bincike da tabbatar da samfur.
Binciken inganci: don duba ko aikin module ya dace da ƙayyadaddun siye.
Kimanta sabuwar fasaha: don kwatanta halayen PERC, TOPCon, HJT, IBC, shingled ko thin-film module.
Sarrafa tsari na masana'anta: don gano matsalolin soldering, rashin daidaituwa, juriya mara kyau ko fitowar module mara karko.
A takaice, auna IV curve ba kawai gwaji ne a ƙarshen samarwa ba. Hakanan kayan aikin bincike ne wanda ke nuna ingancin kayan, daidaitawar cell, tsarin haɗin kai, kwanciyar hankali na lamination da sarrafa masana'anta gabaɗaya.
Tuntuɓi Siyayya
Jerin abubuwan da ake buƙata kafin gudanar da gwajin IV curve
Kafin fara gwajin IV curve na ƙwararru, yana da amfani a tabbatar da waɗannan abubuwa:
An daidaita hasken rana kwanan nan.
Na'urar tunani tana cikin lokacin ingancin ta.
Daidaituwar haske, bakan da kwanciyar hankali na lokaci sun dace da aji da ake buƙata.
Ana auna zafin module kuma a rubuta shi.
Na'urar gwaji tana da ƙarancin juriya na tuntuɓar da kwanciyar hankali.
Gudun dubawa ya dace da fasahar module da ake gwadawa.
Ana amfani da hanyoyin gyara bisa ga IEC 60891 da IEC 60904-7 idan an buƙata.
Ana duba IV curves marasa al'ada maimakon karɓe su ta atomatik.
Ingantaccen IV curve shine sakamakon cikakken tsarin aunawa, ba karatun kayan aiki ɗaya ba. Kyakkyawan hardware, madaidaitan ka'idoji, daidaitaccen calibration da tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi duk suna da mahimmanci.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
A matsayin mai samar da kayan aiki da ke aiki tare da layin samar da hasken rana ayyuka, muna ganin daidaiton IV curve a matsayin batun kula da ingancin matakin masana'anta maimakon batun dakin gwaje-gwaje kawai. Don manyan ingantattun kayayyaki na zamani, musamman TOPCon, HJT da sauran fasahohin da ke da hankali ga capacitance, zaɓin ajin simulator, dabarun scanning da tsarin calibration na iya shafar rarraba wutar lantarki da amincewar abokin ciniki kai tsaye. Layin samar da kayayyaki mai kyau ya kamata ya ɗauki gwajin IV, duba EL da kuma gano tsarin aiki a matsayin tsarin inganci mai haɗin kai, ba wurare keɓantattu ba. Ga masana'antun da ke shirin sabon ƙarfin aiki, saka hannun jari a daidaitaccen aikin auna IV da wuri yawanci yafi rahusa fiye da gyara karkatarwar wutar lantarki na tsari bayan an fara samarwa.
