Gabatarwa ga Na'urorin Hasken Rana

Sarkar masana'antar hasken rana ta kasu kashi huɗu: polysilicon, wafer, tantanin halitta na hasken rana, da na'ura. Na'urar hasken rana tana kan ƙarshen sarkar, tsakanin tantanin halitta na hasken rana da cikakken tsarin hasken rana.

Tantanin hasken rana guda ɗaya yana samar da ƙaramin wutar lantarki kawai. Dole ne a haɗa sel a jere kuma a rufe su cikin wani module kafin su iya zama tushen wutar lantarki mai amfani. Don haka module na PV shine mafi ƙarancin na'urar hasken rana da ba za a iya raba ba wacce ke iya samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. A matsayin mafi ƙaramin na'urar samar da wutar lantarki mai inganci, ta ƙunshi muhimman abubuwa guda tara: sel hasken rana, igiyoyin haɗi, sandunan bas, gilashin da aka yiwa, EVA, bayan fage, firam ɗin aluminum alloy, manne, da akwatin haɗi.

Daga cikin matakai huɗu na sarkar PV, ɓangaren module shine farkon da ya ci gaba kuma ya balaga a China.

Samar da module ya ƙunshi manyan matakai biyu: haɗa sel da lamination. Haɗa sel yana ƙayyade aikin lantarki na module. Adadin sel na yau da kullun na module na PV shine 60 ko 72 sel, waɗanda aka haɗa ta igiyoyin jan karfe 10 ko 12 waɗanda ke aiki azaman sandunan bas, tare da ƙungiyoyi shida da aka haɗa don samar da module ɗaya.

Ana sa ran tsarin PV zai yi aiki na akalla shekaru 25, don haka dole ne ya jure damuwar muhalli kuma ya ba da wani matakin ƙarfin injiniya. Bayan haɗin sel, kayan yawanci ana shirya su daga ƙasa zuwa sama kamar gilashin tempered, EVA, sel, da backsheet, sannan a rufe su tare ta hanyar lamination. Backsheet da gilashin tempered suna rufe sel da EVA a ciki, yayin da firam ɗin aluminum da sealant ke karewa da rufe gefuna.

Aikin samar da tsarin gabaɗaya ana iya raba shi zuwa: soldering, layup, lamination, EL testing, framing, junction box installation, cleaning, IV testing, final inspection, da packaging. Daga cikin waɗannan, soldering da lamination suna da mafi girman abun ciki na fasaha da daraja.

Kayan Aikin da Ake Amfani da su a Samar da Module

Kayan aikin module sun dace da kowane mataki na aikin samarwa. Manyan injuna sun haɗa da laser cutting machines, tabber stringers, automatic layup equipment, laminators, da automatic production lines.

Duba matakan guda ɗaya: matakin soldering yana buƙatar injunan yankan laser, injunan walda na bus bar, da stringers na cell tabber; matakin layup yana amfani da injunan sanya template; matakin lamination yana buƙatar laminator; matakin gwajin EL yana buƙatar mai gwajin EL; matakin framing yana buƙatar injunan sanya firam da framing; matakin akwatin junction yana buƙatar injin soldering na akwatin junction; matakin tsaftacewa yana buƙatar na'urorin juyar da module; matakin gwajin IV yana amfani da mai gwajin IV curve; duban ƙarshe yana buƙatar na'urar juyar da dubawa; kuma marufi yana buƙatar layin marufi.

Bayan injunan guda ɗaya, masu samar da kayan aiki na iya samar da cikakken layin tara module na atomatik wanda ya ƙunshi kowane mataki, yana ba da damar ayyukan turnkey.

Inganci da farashin kwayoyin hasken rana suna shafar inganci da farashin dukkan tsarin kai tsaye. To, menene ainihin tsarin aikin samar da module?

Module Structure

Tsarin Module Half-Cell

A cikin module half-cell, ana yanke kwayoyin rabi don haka aikin wutar lantarki na kowace kwaya ya ragu da rabi. Wannan yana rage asarar lantarki a kan ribbons sosai kuma yana inganta rabon cell-to-module (CTM) na module.

Girman tazarar da ke tsakanin sel a cikin rabin-cell module ya fi girma, yana ƙara hasken da ke fitowa daga gilashin zuwa kan sel. Mafi girman halin yanzu na cell, mafi girman fa'idar da ake samu daga fasahar rabin-cell.

Tsarin Aikin Samar da Module

Tsarin samar da module gabaɗaya yana wucewa ta matakai bakwai: stringing, layup, lamination, framing, shigar da akwatin junction, curing, da gwaji, kafin a kammala shiryawa da isar da shi kasuwa. Ba kamar cikakken-cell modules ba, rabin-cell modules suna aiwatar da yanke cell a matakin module, suna ƙara matakin yanke tare da injin yankan laser, bayan haka ana daidaita ayyukan stringing da layup. A gefen cell, fasahar rabin-cell tana buƙatar daidaita tsarin cell.

Stringing

Ta amfani da ribbons (ko da hannu ko ta atomatik), ana haɗa gaba da baya na kowane cell tare don samar da jerin cell da aka haɗa a jere.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: cold soldering, over-soldering, fashewar cell, da ƙarfin jan solder.

Tsarin yau da kullun na samfuran rabin-cell yana amfani da ƙira mai sassa biyu (kamar yadda aka nuna). Sassa na sama da na ƙasa an haɗa su a layi daya kuma suna amfani da bypass diodes. Wurin fitarwa yana canzawa daga saman samfurin cikakken cell zuwa tsakiya, yana sa ya dace da shigarwa a tsaye.

Layup

Bayan an haɗa igiyoyin cell kuma sun wuce bincike, igiyoyin cell, gilashi, yanke EVA, da backsheet an shimfiɗa su cikin tsari na musamman don shirya lamination. A lokacin shimfidawa, ana kiyaye matsayin igiyoyin cell da kayan kamar gilashi a daidai, kuma ana daidaita tazarar tsakanin cells don samar da tushe mai kyau don lamination. Tsarin shimfidawa daga ƙasa zuwa sama shine: gilashi, EVA, cells, EVA, fiber gilashi, da backsheet.

Lamination

Ana sanya taron cell da aka shimfida a cikin laminator. Ana cire iska daga cikin samfurin ta hanyar vacuum, sannan ana amfani da zafi don narkar da EVA, haɗa cells, gilashi, da backsheet tare. A ƙarshe, ana sanyaya samfurin kuma a cire shi. Lamination shine mataki mai mahimmanci a samar da samfurin, tare da zafin lamination da lokaci da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar kaddarorin EVA. Lokacin amfani da EVA na yau da kullun, lokacin zagayowar lamination yana kusan mintuna 10 zuwa 15, tare da zafin warkewa na 135 zuwa 145 digiri Celsius.

Matsalolin sarrafa tsari: kumfa, karce, kumbura, da fashewar tantanin halitta.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kafin lamination, ana buƙatar bincike mai tsauri na bayyanar da gwajin EL don tabbatar da aiki da amincin module.

Binciken bayyanar

Binciken EL

Sanya firam

Firam ɗin yana kare gefuna da sasanninta na gilashin tempered na module da module ɗin da aka lamination, yana sauƙaƙa shigarwa daga baya.

Matsalolin sarrafa tsari: kumbura, gogewa, karce, ramukan hawa da suka ɓace, zubar da sealant a baya, kumfa, da rashin sealant.

Shigar da Akwatin Junction

Akwatin junction yana haɗa da kare module na PV yayin da yake fitar da wutar da module ke samarwa ga mai amfani.

Matsalolin sarrafa tsari: kumfa da zubar da sealant.

Curing

Sealant ɗin da aka zuba a lokacin matakan framing da shigar da akwatin junction ana warkar da shi don ƙarfafa hatimi da kare module daga mawuyacin yanayi na waje daga baya.

Matsalolin sarrafa tsari: lokacin warkarwa, zafin jiki, da zafi.

Gwaji

Ana auna ma'aunin aikin lantarki don tantance matakin na'urar. An haɗa gwaje-gwaje uku: gwajin juriyar wutar lantarki, wanda ke duba aminci tsakanin firam da sassan ciki masu rai (sel, ribbons, da sauransu) a ƙarƙashin babban wutar lantarki; gwajin ci gaba na ƙasa, wanda ke auna juriya tsakanin firam da ƙasa don tabbatar da ko firam ɗin yana da ingantaccen ƙasa; da gwajin IV, wanda ke auna ma'aunin aikin lantarki don tantance matakin na'urar.

Tsarin Samar da Na'urar PV Guda ɗaya

• Robot ɗin masana'antu yana sanya sel PV guda ɗaya masu girman littafi akan layin samarwa.

• Ana haɗa sel PV ɗin da aka shirya kuma a yi musu walda, tare da walda da yanke layin sel 12. Kafin injiniyoyi, wannan aikin yana buƙatar kusan mutane huɗu ko biyar suna aiki lokaci guda.

• Ana yin binciken ingancin sel PV ɗin da aka walda. Waɗanda ba su da matsalar inganci ana tura su kai tsaye zuwa mataki na gaba don shiryawa da tsarawa.

• Ana shirya sel PV ɗin zuwa layuka shida na sel 12 kowace rukuni.

• Ana yin dumama, yin manne, da shafa fim.

• Layer na farko shine gilashi, na biyu shine EVA, tsakiya shine sel PV, na huɗu shine EVA kuma, na biyar shine backsheet, ana amfani da shi don hana ruwa da lalata.

• Ƙungiyar PV monocrystalline tana da yadudduka biyar. Lamination yana haɗa waɗannan yadudduka biyar zuwa ɗaya.

• Bayan lamination da sa'o'i huɗu na cold curing, ana yin cire ƙura da hannu kuma ana duba gefuna da sasanninta.

• Ana yin gwajin aikin hasken rana na kwaikwayi akan PV module da aka gama.

• Ana yin dubawa na ƙarshe da tattarawa.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: kera PV module ya dogara da daidaitaccen haɗa sel da amintaccen lamination, tare da fasahar rabin sel da tsauraran gwajin EL a matsayin mabuɗin inganci da dogaro na dogon lokaci.