Tsarin Masana'antu da Fasaha na Photovoltaic Modules

Gabatarwa ga Na'urar Hasken Rana

Sarkar masana'antar hasken rana ta kasu kashi huɗu: polysilicon, wafer, tantanin halitta na hasken rana, da na'ura. Na'urar hasken rana tana kan ƙarshen sarkar, tsakanin tantanin halitta na hasken rana da cikakken tsarin hasken rana.

Tantanin hasken rana guda ɗaya yana samar da ƙaramin wutar lantarki kawai. Dole ne a haɗa tantanin halitta a jere kuma a rufe su cikin wani tsari kafin su iya zama tushen wutar lantarki mai amfani. Don haka, tsarin PV shine mafi ƙarancin na'urar hasken rana da ba za a iya raba ba wacce ke iya samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. A matsayin mafi ƙaramin naúrar samar da wutar lantarki mai inganci, ta ƙunshi muhimman abubuwa guda tara: tantanin hasken rana, igiyoyin haɗi, sandunan bas, gilashin da aka yi da zafi, EVA, bayan fage, firam ɗin aluminum alloy, manne, da akwatin haɗi.

Daga cikin matakai huɗu na sarkar PV, ɓangaren tsari shine farkon da ya ci gaba kuma ya balaga a China.

Samar da tsari ya ƙunshi matakai biyu masu mahimmanci: haɗin tantanin halitta da lamination. Haɗin tantanin halitta yana ƙayyade aikin lantarki na tsarin. Adadin tantanin halitta na yau da kullun don tsarin PV shine 60 ko 72, waɗanda aka haɗa ta igiyoyin jan ƙarfe 10 ko 12 waɗanda ke aiki azaman sandunan bas, tare da ƙungiyoyi shida da aka haɗa don samar da tsari ɗaya.

Ana sa ran tsarin PV zai yi aiki na akalla shekaru 25, don haka dole ne ya jure matsalolin muhalli kuma ya ba da ƙarfin injiniya. Bayan haɗin sel, kayan yawanci ana shirya su daga ƙasa zuwa sama kamar gilashin tempered, EVA, sel, da backsheet, sannan a rufe su tare ta hanyar lamination. Backsheet da gilashin tempered suna rufe sel da EVA a ciki, yayin da firam ɗin aluminum da sealant ke karewa da rufe gefuna.

Aikin samar da tsarin gabaɗaya ana iya raba shi zuwa: soldering, layup, lamination, gwajin EL, framing, shigar da akwatin junction, tsaftacewa, gwajin IV, dubawa na ƙarshe, da tattarawa. Daga cikin waɗannan, soldering da lamination suna da mafi girman fasaha da daraja.

Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a samar da tsarin

Kayan aikin tsarin sun dace da kowane mataki na aikin samarwa. Manyan injuna sun haɗa da injunan yankan laser, tabber stringers, kayan aikin layup na atomatik, laminators, da layukan samarwa na atomatik.

Idan aka kalli matakan daban-daban: matakin siyarwa yana buƙatar injunan yankan laser, injunan walda na bus bar, da stringers na cell tabber; matakin shimfidawa yana amfani da injunan sanya samfuri; matakin lamination yana buƙatar laminator; matakin gwajin EL yana buƙatar mai gwajin EL; matakin ƙarawa yana buƙatar injunan sanya firam da ƙarawa ta atomatik; matakin akwatin junction yana buƙatar injin siyarwa na akwatin junction; matakin tsaftacewa yana buƙatar na'urorin juyar da module; matakin gwajin IV yana amfani da mai gwajin IV curve; dubawa na ƙarshe yana buƙatar na'urar juyar da dubawa; kuma marufi yana buƙatar layin marufi.

Bayan injuna guda ɗaya, masu samar da kayan aiki na iya samar da cikakken layin haɗa module na atomatik wanda ya ƙunshi kowane mataki, yana ba da damar ayyukan turnkey.

Inganci da farashin modules na hasken rana suna shafar inganci da farashin dukkan tsarin kai tsaye. To, yaya aikin samar da module yake a zahiri?

Module Structure

Tsarin Module Half-Cell

A cikin modules half-cell, ana yanke cells rabi don haka aikin wutar lantarki na kowane cell ya ragu da rabi. Wannan yana rage asarar lantarki akan ribbons sosai kuma yana inganta rabon cell-zuwa-module (CTM) na module.

Tazarar da ke tsakanin sel a cikin rabin-cell module ya fi girma, yana ƙara hasken da ke fitowa daga gilashin zuwa kan sel. Mafi girman halin yanzu na cell, mafi girman fa'idar da ake samu daga fasahar rabin-cell.

Tsarin Aikin Samar da Module

Tsarin samar da module gabaɗaya yana wucewa ta matakai bakwai: stringing, layup, lamination, framing, shigar da akwatin junction, curing, da gwaji, kafin a kammala shiryawa da isar da shi kasuwa. Ba kamar cikakken-cell modules ba, rabin-cell modules suna aiwatar da yanke cell a matakin module, suna ƙara matakin yanke tare da injin yankan laser, bayan haka ana daidaita ayyukan stringing da layup. A gefen cell, fasahar rabin-cell tana buƙatar daidaita tsarin cell.

Stringing

Ta amfani da ribbons (ko da hannu ko ta atomatik), ana haɗa gaba da baya na kowane cell tare don samar da jerin cell da aka haɗa a jere.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: sanyi soldering, wuce gona da iri soldering, fashewar cell, da ƙarfin jan solder.

Tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi don rabin-cell modules yana amfani da zane mai kashi biyu (kamar yadda aka nuna). Sashin sama da kasa an haɗa su a layi daya kuma suna amfani da bypass diodes. Wurin fitarwa yana canzawa daga saman cikakken cell module zuwa tsakiya, yana sa ya dace da shigarwa a tsaye.

Layup

Bayan an haɗa igiyoyin cell kuma sun wuce bincike, igiyoyin cell, gilashi, yanke EVA, da backsheet an shimfida su a cikin tsari na musamman don shirya lamination. A lokacin shimfidawa, wuraren dangi na igiyoyin cell da kayan kamar gilashi ana kiyaye su a tsaye, kuma ana daidaita tazarar tsakanin cell don samar da tushe mai kyau don lamination. Tsarin shimfidawa daga kasa zuwa sama shine: gilashi, EVA, cell, EVA, fiber gilashi, da backsheet.

Lamination

An sanya taron cell da aka shimfida a cikin laminator. Ana cire iska daga cikin module ta hanyar vacuum, sannan a yi zafi don narke EVA, haɗa cell, gilashi, da backsheet tare. A ƙarshe, ana sanyaya module kuma a cire shi. Lamination shine mataki mai mahimmanci a samar da module, tare da zafin lamination da lokaci da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar kaddarorin EVA. Lokacin amfani da EVA na yau da kullun, lokacin zagayowar lamination yana kusan mintuna 10 zuwa 15, tare da zafin warkewa na 135 zuwa 145 digiri Celsius.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: kumfa, scratches, dent, kumburi, da fashewar cell.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kafin lamination, ana buƙatar bincike mai tsauri na bayyanar da gwajin EL don tabbatar da aiki da amincin module.

Binciken bayyanar

Binciken EL

Framing

Fram ɗin yana kare gefuna da sasannin gilashin tempered na module da module ɗin da aka laminated, yana sauƙaƙa shigarwa daga baya.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: ƙwanƙwasa, gogewa, scratches, rasa ramukan hawa, zubar da sealant a baya, kumfa, da rashin sealant.

Shigar da Akwatin Junction

Akwatin junction yana haɗa da kare module na PV yayin da yake fitar da wutar da module ke samarwa ga mai amfani.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: kumfa da zubar da sealant.

Curing

Sealant ɗin da aka zuba a lokacin matakan framing da shigar da akwatin junction ana warkar da shi don ƙarfafa hatimin da kare module daga mawuyacin yanayi na waje daga baya.

Mahimman sarrafa tsari: lokacin warkarwa, zafin jiki, da zafi.

Gwaji

Ana auna ma'aunin aikin lantarki don tantance matakin module. An haɗa gwaje-gwaje uku: gwajin juriyar wutar lantarki, wanda ke duba aminci tsakanin firam da sassa masu rai na ciki (sel, ribbons, da sauransu) a ƙarƙashin babban wutar lantarki; gwajin ci gaba na ƙasa, wanda ke auna juriya tsakanin firam da ƙasa don tabbatar da ko firam ɗin yana da ingantaccen ƙasa; da gwajin IV, wanda ke auna ma'aunin aikin lantarki don tantance matakin module.

Tsarin Samar da Module PV Guda ɗaya

• Robot ɗin masana'antu yana sanya sel PV guda ɗaya masu girman littafi akan layin samarwa.

• Ana haɗa sel PV ɗin da aka shirya kuma a yi musu walda, tare da walda da yanke jeri na sel 12. Kafin injiniyanci, wannan aikin yana buƙatar kusan mutane huɗu ko biyar suna aiki lokaci guda.

• Ana yin binciken inganci akan sel PV ɗin da aka walda. Waɗanda ba su da matsalar inganci ana tura su kai tsaye zuwa mataki na gaba don shiryawa da tsarawa.

• Ana shirya sel PV ɗin zuwa jeri shida na sel 12 kowace rukuni.

• Ana yin dumama, mannewa, da shafa fim.

• Layer na farko shine gilashi, na biyu shine EVA, tsakiya shine sel PV, na huɗu shine EVA kuma, na biyar shine backsheet, ana amfani da shi don hana ruwa da kariya daga lalacewa.

• Ƙungiyar PV monocrystalline tana da yadudduka biyar. Lamination yana haɗa waɗannan yadudduka biyar zuwa ɗaya.

• Bayan lamination da sa'o'i huɗu na cold curing, ana yin cire ƙura da hannu kuma ana duba gefuna da sasanninta.

• Ana yin gwajin aikin hasken rana na simulated akan PV module da aka gama.

• Ana yin dubawa na ƙarshe da tattarawa.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: kera PV module ya dogara da daidaitaccen haɗa sel da amintaccen lamination, tare da fasahar rabin sel da tsauraran gwajin EL a matsayin mabuɗin ingantaccen aiki da dogaro na dogon lokaci.