Fasahar Tantanin Rana ta THBC: Yadda Hybrid Passivated Back Contact Ke Ketare Matsakaicin Inganci na 28%

Gabatarwa

Babban abin da za a dauka yana da sauki amma mai karfi: THBC ba wani canji ne kawai na tsari ba. Ginin sake ginawa ne na tsari wanda ya hada TOPCon passivated contact, ingantaccen kariya na HJT, da tsarin lantarki mara waya na IBC a cikin wani gini guda da aka gina a gefen baya na tantanin halitta.

Masana'antar photovoltaic, bayan wani lokaci na faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki mai tsanani, ta shiga sabon zagaye na canji a hukumance a shekarar 2026. Cibiyar gasa tana motsawa daga ma'auni da ƙananan farashi, zuwa inganci, inganci, da kuma dawowar rayuwa gabaɗaya.

Yayin da iyakar ka'idar sel silicon crystalline guda ɗaya (kusan 29.4%) ke kusantowa, fasahohin TOPCon da HJT na yau da kullun suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa na zahiri da tattalin arziki masu tsauri a iyakar ingancin samarwa da yawa na kusan 27%.

A wannan yanayin, sabon gine-ginen tantanin halitta wanda ya haɗa hanyoyin fasaha da yawa na sama yana karya matsananciyar rashin ci gaba a haɓakar ingancin silicon. A watan Afrilu 2026, wata cibiyar bincike ta sanar da cewa THBC (Hybrid Passivated Back Contact cell) da ta ƙera, wanda ISFH ta Jamus ta tabbatar, ta kai kololuwar ingancin juyawa na 28.00%. Wannan shine karo na farko da masana'antar ta ketare iyakar 28.0% akan babban yanki 210R rectangular wafer (210mm x 182mm).

Matsayin Juyin Masana'antu da Tashin THBC

Daga ma'auni zuwa darajar rayuwa

Bayan kafa tarihin sabbin shigarwa na 316.6GW a shekarar 2025, kasuwar PV ta 2026 ta koma zuwa madaidaicin kewayon 220-240GW. Sakon a bayyane yake: ba wai game da shigar da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa ba, amma game da wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki mafi yawa a cikin iyakataccen yanki, iyakataccen jari, da yanayi masu rikitarwa.

Kasuwancin wutar lantarki ya zama al'ada, kuma masu haɓaka tashoshi suna watsar da tsohuwar dabara ta ba da kwangila bisa farashi mafi ƙanƙanta. Yanzu suna neman mafi girman fitarwar makamashi da mafi kyawun dawowar rayuwa.

A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin P-type na al'ada da wasu layukan TOPCon na farko sun ga amfani ya ragu ƙasa da 30% saboda wuce gona da iri, yayin da ƙwayoyin BC back-contact masu inganci suka kiyaye kusan 60% amfani a Q1 2026, suna haɓaka rabon kasuwa.

Manufofin kuma suna ƙara tsananta. A ƙarƙashin sabbin ƙa'idodin ingancin ƙasa, kawai na'urori masu ingancin juyawa na 24.2% ko sama za su iya kaiwa matakin inganci na Tier 1. A matakin samar da yawa na yanzu, ainihin kawai na'urori BC masu inganci ne ke share wannan matakin akai-akai. Tare da kasuwa na neman dawowa da manufofin neman inganci, wannan resonance biyu ya share hanya don nasarar THBC a 2026.

Menene THBC: Kwayoyin Halitta Biyu na Fasahar Ace

TOPCon: Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact

TOPCon yana nufin Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact. Jigon sa shine girma wani siririn silicon dioxide (SiO2) Layer a saman wafer, yawanci kawai nanometer 1-2 ne, sannan a ajiye fim din polysilicon don gina tsarin tuntuɓar mai ɗaukar kaya. Wannan yana kawo fa'idodi biyu masu mahimmanci: kyakkyawan kariya, da kuma dacewa mai ƙarfi tare da layin samar da PERC na yanzu, shi ya sa TOPCon ya haɓaka da sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

IBC: Interdigitated Back Contact

IBC yana nufin Interdigitated Back Contact. Babban fasalin sa shine matsar da dukkan ingantattun da marasa ingantattun wutar lantarki zuwa bayan tantanin halitta. Tare da gaba ba tare da layin grid na ƙarfe ba, asarar inuwa daga gaban ƙarfe ta ɓace gaba ɗaya. IBC ba wai kawai yana ƙara yankin karɓar haske ba amma kuma yana ba da kyawawan halaye, wanda shine ainihin dalilin da ya sa kamfanoni kamar Tesla's SolarCity suka yi fare mai yawa akan wannan hanyar.

THBC: Sake Gina da Ƙarfafawa

Ana iya fahimtar THBC a matsayin Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact - Hybrid Back Contact. Yana sake gina kwayoyin halittar TOPCon da IBC sosai: ta amfani da tsarin sadarwa mai kariya na TOPCon a matsayin tushen jiki a baya, yayin da yake aro tsarin lantarki mai haɗaka na IBC. Amma THBC ba kawai TOPCon + IBC ba ne. Ya fi kama da haɗa sadarwa mai kariya na TOPCon, ingantaccen kariya na HJT, da ƙirar lantarki mara inuwa na ƙwayoyin BC cikin tsari guda ɗaya. Waɗannan hanyoyin kariya suna haɗuwa da juna a zahiri, suna ba da aikin lantarki da na gani wanda ya fi kowane hanya ɗaya.

Physics da Hanyoyi Bayan Nasara 28%

Sadarwa mai zaɓin ɗaukar hoto tana ɗaga ingancin ƙididdiga

A cikin ƙwayoyin al'ada, sadarwa kai tsaye tsakanin ƙarfe da silicon yana haifar da lahani da yawa a fuskar sadarwa waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyoyin sake haɗuwa, suna rasa masu ɗaukar hoto kafin su isa ga lantarki. Layer oxide mai sirara na THBC yana aiki a matsayin tashar tunneling ta hanya ɗaya. Ta amfani da tasirin tunneling na ƙididdiga, yana barin nau'in ɗaukar hoto ɗaya ya wuce zuwa lantarki yayin da yake toshe kwararar baya na ɗayan nau'in. Wannan sadarwa mai zaɓi sosai yana rage asarar sake haɗuwa a fuskar sadarwa zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta, yana ɗaga ƙarfin buɗe kewayawa (Voc), ma'aunin cikawa (FF), da ingancin ƙididdiga na ciki (IQE).

Rashin haɗin kai na gefe biyu yana rage yawan haɗuwa da sake haɗuwa

Yayin da ƙwayoyin BC na gargajiya ke magance inuwar gaba, yankunan p+ da n+ na baya har yanzu suna nuna yawan sake haɗuwa inda suka haɗu da na'urorin ƙarfe. Babban ingantawar THBC shine yin amfani da tsarin haɗin polysilicon/oxide mai kariya a duka yankunan p+ da n+ na baya, yana ba da baya da kariya biyu. Wannan yana rage yawan haɗuwa (J0) na yankunan baya da girman oda gaba ɗaya, yana ba da damar Voc ya kusanci iyakar jiki ba tare da sadaukar da fill factor ba.

Tsarin IBC yana ba da ribar gani mara inuwa da inganta haske

THBC ya gaji babbar fa'idar IBC: gaba mara waya gaba ɗaya, yana samun yankin karɓar haske 100% kuma yana haɓaka photons da aka ɗauka. Saboda gaba ba ya buƙatar ɗaukar haɗin ƙarfe da tashin hankali na soldering, masu zane suna samun 'yanci mai yawa don inganta gani, kamar mafi kyawun rufin anti-reflection, saman da aka sarrafa da kyau, da masu zaɓe. Waɗannan hanyoyin, waɗanda ke da wuyar haɗawa akan ƙwayoyin gaba na al'ada, an cika su gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin THBC, suna tura gajeren kewayawa (Jsc) kusa da iyakarsa.

Kwatanta Tsakanin Girman Ingantacciyar Aiki, Aiki da Kasuwar Kasuwa

Inda THBC take a tsarin fasahar PV

A cikin bayanan tashar gaske na duniya, BC modules sun riga sun nuna karuwar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfi. Misali, Hi-MO 9 module tare da HPBC 2.0 cells, kyakkyawan -0.26%/C temperature coefficient yana kiyaye matsakaicin zafin aiki na yau da kullun sama da 0.64C fiye da na yau da kullun TOPCon modules. A karkashin yanayin da babu inuwa, yawan karuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kowace watt ya fi TOPCon 1.81%, ya kai 4.36% a ranakun rana. Har ma da mahimmanci, a gwajin da aka yi na inuwa, tsarin lantarki na musamman na BC technology ya samar da karuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kowace watt har zuwa 46.82% fiye da TOPCon. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci a wurare masu kura da inuwa kamar hamada da yankunan ma'adinai na Afirka, inda ikon hana inuwa ke nufin karin wutar lantarki, rage farashin kula da aiki, da kuma IRR mai tsayi. A shekarar 2026, manyan ayyuka da dama, ciki har da aikin 450MW a Hungary, aikin 1.5GW a UAE, da kuma aikin 500MW na sarrafa hamada a Inner Mongolia, sun fara amfani da BC/HPBC 2.0 modules gaba daya, wanda ke nuna cewa kasuwa yanzu ta fahimci darajar kasuwanci ta BC technology a wurare masu wuyar gaske.

Gudunmawar Rashin Azurfa da Ci gaban Tattalin Arzikin Kayan Aiki

2026 a matsayin shekarar rashin azurfa a PV

2026 ana kiranta da shekarar PV mara azurfa. Yayin da China ta ƙarfafa ikon fitar da azurfa daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2026, azurfa, wani muhimmin kayan aiki na PV da motocin sabon makamashi, ta ga gibin wadata ya tura farashin zuwa wani matsayi mai girma, inda cibiyar kasuwa ta tashi zuwa kusan 20,000 RMB/kg. Wannan yana sanya nauyin farashin ƙarfe mai nauyi akan sel TOPCon na al'ada, inda farashin manna azurfa zai iya kaiwa 0.20-0.26 RMB/W. Ga masana'antar da ta riga ta shiga gasar riba mai sirara, wannan ba ƙaramin al'amari ba ne amma tambaya ce ta rayuwa, yana mai da fasahar cire azurfa ta zama larura ta rayuwa.

Rage azurfa a hankali

Dabarun kamar buga layi mai kyau da 0BB (marasa busbar) suna gab da zama gama gari. Suna iya rage amfani da azurfa zuwa 6-9mg a kowace watt, amma suna gab da iyakokin jiki kuma suna kokawa don cikakken biyan farashin azurfa mai girma.

Manna jan ƙarfe mai rufe da azurfa

Manna jan ƙarfe mai rufe da azurfa shine babban zaɓi na cire azurfa na wucin gadi ga HJT da wasu layukan TOPCon. Yana rage amfani da azurfa amma yana buƙatar daidaiton bugu sosai, tagogin sintering mai zafi, da sarrafa tsari, yana ƙara farashin gwaji da kuskure.

Electroplating na jan ƙarfe: hanyar da ba ta da azurfa ta ƙarshe

Zubin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe yana sanya layukan grid na jan ƙarfe masu tsafta a saman tantanin halitta ta hanyar ajiyar wutar lantarki, wanda ke rage dogaro da azurfa. Fa'idodinsa a bayyane suke: farashin ƙarfe na iya raguwa ƙasa da centi 5/W; tanadin kowane watt na iya kaiwa 0.05-0.08 RMB; kuma an kawar da haɗarin canjin farashin azurfa gaba ɗaya. Layukan jan ƙarfe kuma suna ba da ingantacciyar haɗin wutar lantarki da ƙarancin juriya, suna rage juriyar lantarki ba tare da cutar da inganci ba. THBC ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu ɗaukar fasahar jan ƙarfe mara azurfa, saboda ingantattun na'urorin lantarki da marasa kyau duk suna a baya, ba tare da ƙuntatawa na hasken gaba da tashin hankali ba. Layer na SiO2/polysilicon mai kariya sosai a baya kuma yana iya zama matsakaici mai sauƙin laser, mara lahani, kuma yana rage haɗarin jan ƙarfe shiga cikin silikon. A taƙaice, THBC ba fasaha ce kawai ba, har ma da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kayan aiki.

Kalubalen Samar da Yawa da Dabarun TOPCon + THBC Biyu

Kalubalen yawan amfanin ƙasa daga rikitarwar tsari

THBC ta haɗu da matakan passivation da yawa na TOPCon (girma oxide, ajiyar polysilicon, doping, annealing) tare da tsarin baya na IBC na micron. A gefe guda na baya, dole ne a gina yankunan p+ da n+ da aka haɗa tare da keɓantaccen wutar lantarki don hana gajerun hanyoyi. Tare da matakai da yawa, duk wani ɗan canjin yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya ƙaruwa zuwa matsin farashi gabaɗaya, wani matakin da THBC dole ne ta tsallaka a kan hanyarta daga jagorar fasaha zuwa jagorar masana'antu.

Daidaitawar siraran wafer da haɓaka kayan aiki

Kayan aikin IBC na musamman suna ɗaukar babban jari, galibi suna hana ƙananan masana'anta, kuma gina sabon layin THBC na iya buƙatar 250-300 miliyan RMB a kowace GW na kashe kuɗi. Duk da haka, THBC ta sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin daidaitawar samar da siraran wafer, wanda ya dace da siraran wafer 110-130 micron kuma yana rage farashin kayan wafer sosai. Muhimmin abu, ƙirar ta tana da daidaito sosai tare da manyan layukan TOPCon, don haka manyan kamfanoni masu ci gaban TOPCon za su iya haɓaka zuwa THBC cikin sauƙi a farashi mai rahusa, suna inganta rage darajar kayan aiki.

Dabarun ƙarfin aiki biyu na TOPCon + THBC

Manyan kamfanoni kamar Trina Solar sun gabatar da hanyar TOPCon + THBC guda biyu a fili. TOPCon na ci gaba da amfani da ikonsa na samar da wutar lantarki da kuma ingancin farashi don hidimar manyan wuraren aiki kamar manyan tashoshi na ƙasa, yayin da THBC ke hanzarta layukan gwaji da ƙarfin aiki a matsayin babban samfur na musamman, wanda ke nufin wuraren da ke da ƙarancin fili, masu yawan amfanin gida kamar rufin kasuwanci na musamman, PV na gida, da motocin hasken rana. Trina Solar yanzu tana hanzarta masana'antu bisa ga layin gwajin THBC da ta kammala, tare da sabon samfurin module (2382mm x 1134mm) wanda ya wuce 700W, yana nuna yuwuwar masana'antu a bayyane fiye da rikodin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Ƙarshe: THBC tana sake fasalin ma'aunin darajar sel siliki na crystalline

Gudun ƙarshe na ingancin guda ɗaya

Tashin THBC yana nuna ƙarshen gudu na ingantaccen aiki don sel silicon crystalline guda ɗaya. Ba ra'ayi ba ne daga ko'ina, amma sake tsara hanyoyin fasaha da yawa a gefen jiki na baya: TOPCon's tunnel oxide passivated contact, HJT's high-efficiency passivation, da IBC's wire-free electrode design. Haɗe cikin gine-gine guda ɗaya, waɗannan ƙarfin suna samar da mafita na sel na gaba mai inganci, babban yanki mai karɓar haske, ƙarancin asarar sake haɗuwa, da ƙarfin daidaitawa ga yanayi.

Ƙarƙashin matsin lamba biyu na 2026 silver-free wave da ma'aunin ingancin Tier 1 na ƙasa, THBC, tare da iyakar ingancinsa na 28.00%, kyakkyawan daidaitawar thin-wafer, ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki a yanayi masu rikitarwa, da fa'idodin farashi na silver-free, yana motsawa daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gaba zuwa gaba na samarwa. Yayin da hanyoyin samarwa suka balaga da kuma dabarun TOPCon + THBC dual-drive suka kara kafawa, wannan sabon gine-ginen hybrid passivated back-contact yana sake fasalin ma'aunin darajar sarkar samar da PV. Zagaye na gaba na gasa mai yiwuwa ba zai kasance game da wanda ya fi arha ba, amma game da wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki da yawa a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda zai iya ci gaba da samun babban riba a yanayi masu rikitarwa, da kuma wanda zai ayyana ainihin darajar fasahar PV na gaba.

Ra'ayin Ooitech: Ooitech ya yi imanin cewa THBC, ta hanyar sake gina TOPCon, HJT da IBC a gefen baya na tantanin halitta, ya karya shingen inganci na 28% kuma ya nuna hanya zuwa zamanin gaba na ingantaccen darajar, maras azurfa na siliki photovoltaics.