Gabatarwa

Babban abin da ake dauka yana da sauki amma mai karfi: THBC ba wani canji ne kawai na tsari ba. Ginin tsari ne na tsari wanda ya hada TOPCon passivated contact, ingantaccen passivation na HJT, da kuma tsarin lantarki mara waya na IBC a cikin wani gini daya da aka gina a gefen baya na tantanin halitta.

Masana'antar photovoltaic, bayan wani lokaci na faɗaɗa iya aiki mai ƙarfi, ta shiga sabon zagaye na canji a hukumance a shekarar 2026. Cibiyar gasa tana ƙaura daga girma da ƙananan farashi, zuwa inganci, inganci, da kuma dawo da rayuwa gabaɗaya.

Yayin da iyakar ka'idar sel silicon crystalline guda ɗaya (kusan 29.4%) ke kusantowa, fasahohin TOPCon da HJT na yau da kullun suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa na jiki da tattalin arziki masu tsauri a iyakar ingancin samarwa da yawa na kusan 27%.

A kan wannan yanayi, sabon ginin sel wanda ya haɗa hanyoyin fasaha da yawa na sama yana karya tsayayyen tsayayyen ci gaban ingancin silicon. A watan Afrilu 2026, wata cibiyar bincike ta sanar da cewa THBC (Hybrid Passivated Back Contact cell) da ta ƙera, wanda ISFH ta Jamus ta tabbatar, ta kai matsakaicin ingancin juyawa na 28.00%. Wannan shine karo na farko da masana'antar ta ketare iyakar 28.0% akan babban yanki 210R rectangular wafer (210mm x 182mm).

Matsayin Canjin Masana'antu da Tashin THBC

Daga girma zuwa darajar rayuwa

Bayan kafa tarihin sabbin shigarwa na 316.6GW a 2025, kasuwar PV ta 2026 ta koma zuwa iyaka mai ma'ana na 220-240GW. Sakon a bayyane yake: ba wai game da shigar da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa ba, amma game da wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki mafi yawa a cikin iyakataccen yanki, iyakataccen jari, da yanayi masu rikitarwa.

Kasuwancin wutar lantarki ya zama al'ada, kuma masu haɓaka tashoshi suna watsar da tsohuwar dabara ta ba da kwangila bisa farashi mafi ƙanƙanta. Yanzu suna neman mafi girman fitarwar makamashi da mafi kyawun dawowar rayuwa.

A halin yanzu, sel P-type na al'ada da wasu layukan TOPCon na farko sun ga amfani ya ragu ƙasa da 30% saboda wuce gona da iri, yayin da sel masu haɗin baya na BC masu inganci sun kiyaye kusan 60% amfani a Q1 2026, suna haɓaka rabon kasuwa.

Manufofin kuma suna ƙara tsananta. A ƙarƙashin sabbin ƙa'idodin inganci na ƙasa, kawai na'urori masu ingancin juyawa na 24.2% ko sama za su iya kaiwa matakin inganci na Tier 1. A matakin samar da yawa na yanzu, ainihin kawai na'urori BC masu inganci suna wuce wannan matakin akai-akai. Tare da kasuwa na neman dawowa da manufofin neman inganci, wannan resonance biyu ya share hanya ga ci gaban THBC na 2026.

Menene THBC: Halayen Biyu na Fasahar Ace

TOPCon: Tuntuɓar Oxide Passivated Tunnel

TOPCon yana nufin Tuntuɓar Oxide Passivated Tunnel. Jigon sa shine girma wani siririn silicon dioxide (SiO2) Layer a saman wafer, yawanci tsawon nanometer 1-2 kawai, sannan a ajiye fim ɗin polysilicon don gina tsarin tuntuɓar zaɓin mai ɗauka. Wannan yana kawo fa'idodi biyu masu mahimmanci: kyakkyawan passivation, da kuma dacewa mai ƙarfi tare da layin samar da PERC na yanzu, shi ya sa TOPCon ya haɓaka da sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

IBC: Tuntuɓar Baya Mai Haɗa Juna

IBC yana nufin Tuntuɓar Baya Mai Haɗa Juna. Babban fasalin sa shine matsar da dukkan ingantattun da marasa ingantattun wutar lantarki zuwa bayan tantanin halitta. Tare da gaba ba tare da layukan grid na ƙarfe ba, asarar inuwa daga gaban ƙarfe ta ɓace gaba ɗaya. IBC ba wai kawai yana ƙara yankin karɓar haske ba amma kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan kyan gani, shi ya sa kamfanoni kamar Tesla's SolarCity suka taɓa dogaro da wannan hanya.

THBC: Sake Gina da Ƙarfafawa

Ana iya fahimtar THBC a matsayin Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact - Hybrid Back Contact. Yana sake gina kwayoyin halittar TOPCon da IBC sosai: ta yin amfani da tsarin sadarwa mai kariya na TOPCon a matsayin tushen jiki a baya, yayin da yake aro tsarin lantarki mai haɗaka na IBC. Amma THBC ba kawai TOPCon + IBC tara ba ne. Ya fi kama da haɗa sadarwa mai kariya na TOPCon, ingantaccen kariya na HJT, da ƙirar lantarki mara inuwa na sel BC cikin tsarin guda ɗaya. Waɗannan hanyoyin kariya suna haɗa juna a zahiri, suna ba da haɗin aikin lantarki da na gani fiye da kowace hanya ɗaya.

Physics da Hanyoyi Bayan Nasara 28%

Sadarwa mai zaɓin mai ɗaukar kaya yana ɗaga ingancin jimla

A cikin sel na al'ada, sadarwa kai tsaye tsakanin ƙarfe da silicon yana haifar da lahani da yawa a fuskar sadarwa waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyoyin sake haɗuwa, suna rasa masu ɗaukar kaya kafin su isa ga lantarki. Siririn oxide tunnel na THBC yana aiki azaman tashar tunneling ta hanya ɗaya. Ta amfani da tasirin tunneling na jimla, yana barin nau'in mai ɗaukar kaya ɗaya ya wuce zuwa lantarki yayin da yake toshe kwararar wani nau'in. Wannan sadarwa mai zaɓi sosai yana yanke asarar sake haɗuwa a fuskar sadarwa zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta, yana ɗaga ƙarfin buɗe kewayawa (Voc), ma'aunin cikawa (FF), da ingancin jimla na ciki (IQE).

Ƙarfin kariya na gefe biyu yana rage yawan haɗuwa da sake haɗuwa

Yayin da ƙwayoyin BC na gargajiya ke magance inuwar gaba, yankunan p+ da n+ na baya har yanzu suna nuna yawan sake haɗuwa a inda suka haɗu da na'urorin ƙarfe. Babban ci gaban THBC shine yin amfani da tsarin kariya na polysilicon/oxide a duka yankunan p+ da n+ na baya, yana ba wa baya kariya biyu. Wannan yana rage yawan haɗuwa da sake haɗuwa (J0) na yankunan baya da girman oda ɗaya, yana ba da damar Voc ta kusanci iyakar jiki ba tare da sadaukar da fill factor ba.

Tsarin IBC yana ba da ribar haske mara inuwa da inganta kama haske

THBC ta gaji babbar fa'idar IBC: gaba mara waya gaba ɗaya, tana samun 100% yankin karɓar haske da kuma haɓaka photons da aka ɗauka. Saboda gaba ba ta buƙatar ɗaukar haɗin ƙarfe da tashin hankali na soldering ba, masu zane suna samun ƙarin 'yanci don inganta haske, kamar mafi kyawun rufin anti-reflection, saman da aka sarrafa da kyau, da masu zaɓe. Waɗannan hanyoyin, waɗanda ke da wuya a haɗa su akan ƙwayoyin gaba na yau da kullun, an cika su gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin THBC, suna tura gajeriyar wutar lantarki (Jsc) kusa da iyakarta.

Kwatanta Tsakanin Girman Ingantacciyar Aiki, Aiki da Kasuwar Kasuwa

Inda THBC take a cikin nau'ikan fasahar PV

A cikin bayanan tashar gaske na duniya, BC modules sun riga sun nuna karuwar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfi. Misali, Hi-MO 9 module tare da HPBC 2.0 cells, kyakkyawan -0.26%/C temperature coefficient yana sa matsakaicin zafin aiki na yau da kullun ya kasance sama da 0.64C kasa da TOPCon modules na al'ada. A karkashin yanayin da babu inuwa, yawan karuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kowace watt ya kai 1.81% sama da TOPCon, ya kai 4.36% a ranakun rana na yau da kullun. Har ma da mahimmanci, a gwajin da aka yi na inuwa, fasahar BC ta musamman na zane-zanen lantarki mai rauni ya samar da karuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kowace watt har zuwa 46.82% sama da TOPCon. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci a wurare masu kura da inuwa kamar hamada da yankunan ma'adinai na Afirka, inda ikon hana inuwa ke nufin karin wutar lantarki, rage farashin kula da aiki, da kuma IRR mai tsayayye na dogon lokaci. A shekarar 2026, manyan ayyuka da dama, ciki har da aikin 450MW a Hungary, aikin 1.5GW a UAE, da kuma aikin 500MW na hadewar sarrafa hamada da PV a Inner Mongolia, sun fara amfani da BC/HPBC 2.0 modules gaba daya, wanda ke nuna cewa kasuwa yanzu ta fahimci darajar kasuwanci ta hakika na fasahar BC a wurare masu wuyar gaske.

Gudunmawar Rashin Azurfa da Ci gaban Tattalin Arzikin Kayan Aiki

2026 a matsayin shekarar PV marar azurfa

2026 ana kiranta da shekarar PV mara azurfa. Yayin da China ta ƙarfafa ikon fitar da azurfa daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2026, azurfa, wani muhimmin kayan aiki na PV da motocin sabon makamashi, ta ga gibin wadata ya tura farashin zuwa wani matsayi mai girma, inda cibiyar kasuwa ta tashi zuwa kusan 20,000 RMB/kg. Wannan yana sanya nauyin farashin ƙarfe mai nauyi akan sel TOPCon na al'ada, inda farashin manna azurfa zai iya kaiwa 0.20-0.26 RMB/W. Ga masana'antar da ta riga ta shiga gasar riba mai sirara, wannan ba ƙaramin al'amari ba ne amma tambaya ce ta rayuwa, yana mai da fasahar rage azurfa ta zama larura ta rayuwa.

Rage azurfa a hankali

Dabarun kamar buga layi mai kyau da 0BB (marasa busbar) suna gab da karɓuwa sosai. Suna iya rage amfani da azurfa zuwa 6-9mg a kowace watt, amma suna gab da iyakokin jiki kuma suna kokawa don cikakken biyan farashin azurfa mai girma.

Manna jan ƙarfe mai rufin azurfa

Manna jan ƙarfe mai rufin azurfa shine babban zaɓi na rage azurfa na wucin gadi ga layukan HJT da wasu TOPCon. Yana rage amfani da azurfa amma yana buƙatar daidaiton bugu sosai, tagogin sintering mai zafi, da sarrafa tsari, yana ƙara farashin gwaji da kuskure.

Electroplating jan ƙarfe: hanya ta ƙarshe mara azurfa

Zuba jan ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki yana sanya layukan grid na jan ƙarfe masu tsafta a saman tantanin halitta ta hanyar ajiyar lantarki, wanda ke rage dogaro da azurfa. Fa'idodinsa a bayyane suke: farashin ƙarfe na iya raguwa ƙasa da centi 5/W; tanadin kowace watt na iya kaiwa 0.05-0.08 RMB; kuma an kawar da haɗarin canjin farashin azurfa gaba ɗaya. Layukan jan ƙarfe kuma suna ba da ingantaccen wutar lantarki da ƙarancin juriya, suna rage juriyar lantarki ba tare da cutar da inganci ba. THBC ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu ɗaukar fasahar jan ƙarfe mara azurfa, saboda ingantattun na'urorin lantarki da marasa kyau duk suna a baya, ba tare da ƙuntatawa na hasken gaba da tsohuwar tashin hankali ba. Layer na SiO2/polysilicon mai inganci a baya kuma yana iya zama matsakaici mai sauƙin laser, mara lahani, kuma yana rage haɗarin jan ƙarfe shiga cikin silicon. A taƙaice, THBC ba fasaha ce kawai ba, har ma da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kayan aiki.

Kalubalen Samar da Yawa da Dabarun TOPCon + THBC Biyu

Kalubalen yawan amfanin ƙasa daga rikitarwar tsari

THBC ta haɗu da matakan passivation da yawa na TOPCon (girma oxide, ajiyar polysilicon, doping, annealing) tare da ƙirar IBC na micron-scale rear patterning. A gefe guda na baya, dole ne a gina yankunan p+ da n+ da aka haɗa tare da ingantaccen keɓewar lantarki don hana gajerun hanyoyi. Tare da matakai da yawa, duk wani ɗan canjin yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya haɓaka zuwa matsin farashi gabaɗaya, wani matakin da THBC dole ne ta tsallaka a kan hanyarta daga jagorar fasaha zuwa jagorar masana'antu.

Daidaitawar siraran wafer da haɓaka kayan aiki

Kayan aikin IBC na musamman suna ɗaukar babban jari, galibi suna hana ƙananan masana'anta, kuma gina sabon layin THBC na iya buƙatar 250-300 miliyan RMB a kowace GW na kashe kuɗi. Duk da haka, THBC ta sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin daidaitawar samar da siraran wafer, wanda ya dace da siraran wafer 110-130 micron kuma yana rage farashin kayan wafer sosai. Muhimmin abu, ƙirar ta tana da daidaituwa sosai tare da manyan layukan TOPCon, don haka manyan kamfanoni masu ƙarfin TOPCon na ci gaba za su iya haɓaka zuwa THBC cikin sauƙi a farashin canji mai rahusa, inganta rage darajar kayan aiki.

Dabarun ƙarfin tuƙi biyu na TOPCon + THBC

Manyan kamfanoni kamar Trina Solar sun gabatar da hanyar TOPCon + THBC dual-drive a fili. TOPCon na ci gaba da amfani da bifacial generation da kuma cost-performance don hidimar manyan yanayi kamar manyan tashoshi na ƙasa, yayin da THBC ke hanzarta layukan gwaji da ƙarfin aiki a matsayin babban jigo na musamman, yana mai da hankali kan wuraren da ke da iyaka, masu yawan amfanin gida kamar manyan rufin kasuwanci, PV na gida, da motocin hasken rana. Trina Solar yanzu tana hanzarta masana'antu bisa ga layin gwajin THBC da ta kammala, tare da sabon tsarinta (2382mm x 1134mm) wanda ya wuce 700W, yana nuna yuwuwar masana'antu a bayyane fiye da rikodin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Ƙarshe: THBC tana sake fasalin ma'aunin darajar sel silicon crystalline

Gudun ƙarshe na ingancin single-junction

Tashin THBC yana nuna ƙarshen gudu na ingantaccen aiki don sel silicon crystalline guda ɗaya. Ba ra'ayi ba ne daga ko'ina, amma sake tsara hanyoyin fasaha da yawa a gefen jiki na baya: TOPCon's tunnel oxide passivated contact, HJT's high-efficiency passivation, da IBC's wire-free electrode design. Haɗe cikin gine-gine guda ɗaya, waɗannan ƙarfin suna samar da mafita na sel na gaba mai inganci, babban yanki mai karɓar haske, ƙarancin asarar sake haɗuwa, da ƙarfin daidaita yanayi.

Ƙarƙashin matsin lamba biyu na 2026 silver-free wave da ma'aunin ingancin Tier 1 na ƙasa, THBC, tare da iyakar ingancinsa na 28.00%, kyakkyawan daidaituwa na siraran wafer, fitattun ribar samar da wutar lantarki a yanayi masu rikitarwa, da fa'idodin farashi na silver-free, yana motsawa daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gaba zuwa gaba na samarwa. Yayin da hanyoyin samarwa suka balaga da kuma dabarun TOPCon + THBC dual-drive suka kara kafawa, wannan sabon gine-ginen hybrid passivated back-contact yana sake fasalin ma'aunin darajar sarkar samar da PV. Zagaye na gaba na gasa bazai kasance game da wanda ya fi arha ba, amma game da wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki da yawa a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda zai iya ci gaba da samun babban riba a yanayi masu rikitarwa, da kuma wanda zai ayyana ainihin darajar fasahar PV na gaba.

Ra'ayin Ooitech: Ooitech ya yi imanin cewa THBC, ta hanyar sake gina TOPCon, HJT da IBC a gefen baya na tantanin halitta, ya karya shingen inganci na 28% kuma ya nuna hanya zuwa zamanin gaba na ingantaccen darajar, mara azurfa na siliki photovoltaics.