Katsewar Yatsa a cikin Kwayoyin Rana — Gwajin EL
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Amsa mai sauri: Gwajin hasken lantarki da gwajin IV suna amsa tambayoyi daban-daban akan layin ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Gwajin IV yana auna nawa ƙarfin da ƙwayar ke samarwa; gwajin EL yana nuna inda a cikinta wutar ba ta gudana. Katsewar yatsa — karyewa a cikin siririyar layin ƙarfe da ke tattara wutar daga ƙwaya — ba a ganinta a auna ƙarfi idan asarar kaɗan ce, amma tana bayyana a fili a hoton EL a matsayin duhun layi, domin kamara tana ɗaukar hoton fitar da ƙwayar da kanta a tsawon raƙuman ruwa kusan 1200 nm. Wannan bambancin yana da muhimmanci ga matakin gyara: sakamakon IV yana gaya maka ƙwaya ba ta yin aiki yadda ya kamata, yayin da hoton EL ke gaya maka wane mataki na tsari ya haddasa shi, ko bugu na allo ne, ko gasa, ko lalacewar kulawa bayan yin ƙarfe. Gudanar da duka biyun a layi ɗaya shi ne ke sa a iya gano inda lahani ya faru zuwa tasha maimakon ga rukuni.
PV Module Manufacturing · na Jerry, Ooitech
Gabatarwar Samfur
Gwajin EL da Gwajin IV a cikin Samar da Module na Hasken Rana
A cikin layin samar da panel hasken rana, matakai biyu na dubawa suna da mahimmanci musamman: gwajin EL da gwajin IV. Ana amfani da gwajin IV a matsayin dubawar aiki na ƙarshe. Yana tabbatar da ko PV module da aka kammala ya cika ƙarfin fitarwa da ake buƙata kafin aikawa.
Duk da haka, gwajin IV yana auna aikin lantarki na duka module. Ba zai iya gano lahani a cikin tantanin hasken rana guda ɗaya daidai ba, kamar ɓoyayyun ƙananan tsagewa, karyewar yatsu, rashin kyawun walda, ko gurɓatawar gida. A nan ne hoton EL ya zama mai amfani sosai. Gwajin EL yana sa matsalolin ciki marasa ganuwa su zama bayyane, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin samarwa su gano lahani kafin module ya isa ga abokin ciniki.
Gwajin EL ana amfani da shi musamman don nazarin wuri na inganci na sel a cikin module na PV. Yana iya taimakawa gano ƙananan tsagewa, karyewar sel, layukan grid da suka katse, walda mara ƙarfi, walda ta rabu, gurɓatawar datti, rashin kyawun sintering, da rashin daidaiton ingancin sel.
Ma'aunin Fasaha
Tushen Dabaru na Hoton EL
Ƙa'idar aiki na gwajin EL tana da alaƙa da ƙa'idar aiki na tantanin hasken rana. Tantanin hasken rana na silicon crystalline an yi shi ne daga kayan semiconductor na nau'in P da nau'in N. Lokacin da yankunan nau'in P da nau'in N suka samar da haɗin PN, ana samar da filin lantarki na ciki a wurin haɗin.
A ƙarƙashin hasken rana, makamashin photon yana motsa nau'ikan electron-hole. Ana tura electrons zuwa yankin N, yayin da ake tura ramuka zuwa yankin P. Wannan rabuwar caji yana haifar da wutar lantarki, wanda shine ainihin ka'idar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana.
Amma menene zai faru idan muka juya wannan tsari?
A lokacin gwajin EL, ma'aunin gwajin yana tuntuɓar busbars masu inganci da mara kyau na PV module. Sa'an nan, ana amfani da wutar lantarki daga waje zuwa module. Wannan wutar lantarki tana gudana ta busbars, tana canjawa zuwa ribbons, sannan tana isa ga lantarkin azurfa a saman cell. Daga nan, wutar tana shiga yankunan semiconductor na P-type da N-type a cikin cell.
Yayin da electrons da ramuka ke motsawa daidai, suna samar da madauki na wutar lantarki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗauka suka shiga yankin PN junction, wanda kuma ake kira yankin depletion, radiative recombination yana faruwa. A lokacin recombination, electrons suna motsawa daga matakin makamashi mafi girma zuwa matakin makamashi mafi ƙanƙanta kuma suna sakin makamashi mai yawa. Wannan makamashi yana fitowa a cikin nau'in photons, yana samar da hasken infrared kusa da tsawon raƙuman ruwa na kusan 1100-1200 nm.
Kyamarar EL ƙwararriyar tana ɗaukar wannan hasken infrared kusa kuma ta samar da hoton EL.
| Abu | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Hanyar Gwaji | Electroluminescence hoto a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki ta gaba |
| Babban Manufa | Binciken gani na lahani na ciki na solar cell |
| Abin da Aka Aiwatar | Solar cells da kammala PV modules |
| Mahimmin Tsarin Jiki | Injection na masu ɗauka da sake haɗuwa mai haske |
| Kewayon Hasken Haske | Hasken infrared kusa, kusan 1100-1200 nm |
| Lahani Masu Ganewa | Ƙananan tsagewa, karyewar cells, karyewar yatsu, raunin walda, walda ta rabu, gurɓatawa, rashin daidaiton inganci |
| Babban Bambanci daga Gwajin IV | EL yana gano lahani ta gani; IV yana auna jimillar fitowar lantarki |
Ya kamata a lura cewa duka electrons da holes masu ɗauka ne. Motsin su na shugabanci ana iya fahimtar shi a matsayin gudanawar wutar lantarki.
Wani ɗan bayani: ƙa'idar aikin gwajin EL tana kama da ƙa'idar aikin fitilar LED. Don haka, lokacin da kalmar radiative recombination ya bayyana, ba yana nufin cewa hasken rana yana haifar da radiation mai cutarwa ba.
Fa'idodin Fasaha
Dalilin da yasa lahani ke bayyana a Hotunan EL
A cikin hoton EL, duk wani lahani da ke shafar watsawar wutar lantarki, ko kuma watsawar masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki, na iya bayyana. Idan electrons ko holes ba za su iya wucewa ta wani yanki cikin sauki ba, hadewar radiative zai raunana ko kuma ya tsaya a wannan yanki. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan photons ne ke fitowa, kuma yankin ya bayyana da duhu a hoton EL.
Ƙananan tsage-tsage: Tsage-tsage na ɓoye yana nufin ƙaramin tsagewa a cikin hasken rana wanda yake da wuya a gani da ido. Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar ba a gani daga waje, ga masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki kamar electrons da holes, tsagewar kamar shinge ne. Watsawar masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki yana toshewa a wannan wuri, don haka hadewar radiative ba ta faruwa yadda ya kamata. Ba tare da fitowar photon ba, tsagewar tana bayyana a matsayin layi mai duhu a hoton EL.
Rashin ƙarfin walda: Siffar siyarwa mara ƙarfi yawanci tana bayyana a matsayin tabo masu duhu na gida ko layi masu duhu a cikin hotunan EL. Waɗannan lahani galibi ana rarraba su tare da layin grid kuma suna iya bayyana a matsayin layi baƙi marasa tsari ko wurare masu duhu masu digo. Babban dalili shi ne cewa ribbon da layin grid ba su samar da haɗin ƙarfe mai inganci ba. Wannan yana ƙara yawan juriyar lamba. Canja wurin wutar lantarki yana toshewa a yankin siyarwa mara ƙarfi, don haka masu ɗaukar kaya ba za su iya wucewa ta wannan wuri zuwa cikin tantanin halitta ba. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa, yana samar da yanki mai duhu a sarari idan aka kwatanta da sel na yau da kullun da ke kusa.
Yatsu masu karye: Yatsu masu karye suna faruwa lokacin da layukan grid na gaba na tantanin rana suka katse ko suka rabu da saman tantanin halitta. Wutar lantarki da aka yi daga busbar ba za ta iya isa yankin grid mai laushi da aka yanke ba, ko kuma wutar lantarki a kan yatsa ba za ta iya shiga cikin haɗin PN a cikin tantanin halitta ba. A wannan yanki, yawan wutar lantarki na haɗin PN ya zama ƙasa sosai ko ma sifili, yana haifar da haske mai rauni ko babu haske. Wannan yana samar da rashin daidaituwa na yatsa mai karye a cikin hotunan EL.
Aikace-aikacen Samfur
Matsayin Gwajin EL a Kula da Ingancin Rukunin Rana
Gwajin EL ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar samar da hasken rana saboda yana ba injiniyoyin samarwa hanya kai tsaye don duba lahani a matakin tantanin halitta. Yana da mahimmanci musamman bayan manyan matakai na inji ko zafi, inda tantanin halitta na iya damuwa ko lalacewa.
Wuraren amfani na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
Duba tantanin halitta mai shigowa: Don duba ko tantanin hasken rana sun riga sun sami tsagewa, bambancin launi, layukan grid da suka karye, ko rashin daidaiton inganci kafin haɗa kayan.
Bayan zaren: Don gano tsagewa, raunin soldering, karkatar da ribbon, ko katsewar yatsa da aka yi yayin tabber stringer aiki.
Bayan shimfidawa da bussing: Don tabbatar da ko an haɗa zaren daidai kuma ko lahani na walda ya bayyana kafin lamination.
Bayan lamination: Don duba ko matsin zafi ya haifar da sabbin tsagewa ko faɗaɗa lahani da ke akwai.
Duba kayan ƙarshe: Don tallafawa ƙimar inganci tare da gwajin IV da duba gani.
A cikin samarwa na zahiri, gwajin EL da gwajin IV ba su maye gurbin juna ba. Gwajin IV yana gaya wa masana'anta ko ƙarfin samfurin ya cancanta. Gwajin EL yana gaya wa masana'anta dalilin da yasa samfurin zai iya zama mara kyau da kuma inda lahani yake. Idan aka yi amfani da su biyu tare, masana'anta na iya gina tsarin kula da inganci mafi cikakke.
Tuntuɓi Siyayya
Abubuwan da Ake Samu A Aiki Ga Masana'antun Samfuran PV
Gwajin EL na iya bayyana ƙananan tsage-tsage masu ɓoye saboda tsagewar tana toshe motsin masu ɗaukar wuta a cikin hasken rana. Da zarar watsawar mai ɗaukar wuta ta katse, haɗuwa mai haske ta zama rauni ko kuma ta ɓace a wannan yanki, kuma hoton EL yana nuna layi mai duhu ko yanki mai duhu. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa gwajin EL ya zama ɗayan mafi ingancin hanyoyin bincike don gano lahani na ciki waɗanda ba za a iya gani da ido ba.
Ga masana'antun samfuran PV, darajar gwajin EL ba wai kawai gano samfuran marasa kyau ba ne. Mafi mahimmanci, yana taimakawa gano lahani zuwa matakan aiki kamar sarrafa tantanin halitta, zaren haɗi, walda, shimfidawa, lamination, da haɗuwa ta ƙarshe. Wannan ya sa binciken EL ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, rage korafe-korafen abokan ciniki, da daidaita ingancin samfurin.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
A matsayin mai samar da kayan aiki da ke mai da hankali kan layukan samar da hasken rana, Ooitech na ganin gwajin EL a matsayin fiye da tashar dubawa kawai. Ainihin darajar ita ce martanin tsari: idan ƙananan tsagewa suka bayyana akai-akai bayan stringing ko lamination, masana'antar bai kamata kawai ta ƙi modules marasa inganci ba, har ma ta sake duba damuwar sarrafawa, zafin soldering, tashin ribbon, da sigogin lamination. Ga MBB na zamani, TOPCon, da manyan cell modules, dabarun gwajin EL da aka sanya da kyau na iya rage haɗarin inganci na ɓoye sosai kafin jigilar kaya.
