PV Calibration: How to Calibrate a Solar Simulator for Reliable Module Testing
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Gabatarwa: Me yasa Daidaita Na'urar Kwaikwayo ta Hasken Rana ke da Muhimmanci
A cikin gwajin na'urar hasken rana, ma'aunin dogaro yana farawa da abu ɗaya: na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana da aka daidaita yadda ya kamata. Idan ba a sarrafa fitowar na'urar kwaikwayon daidai ba, ƙarfin na'urar, wutar lantarki, da ingancin da aka auna na iya kaucewa daga ƙimar gaskiya. A cikin kasuwa inda na'urori masu ƙarfin 500 W da sama suka zama ruwan dare, kuskuren 0.5% ma yana iya zama mai mahimmanci a kasuwanci.
Na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana wata na'ura ce da aka ƙera don sake haifar da hasken rana a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji mai sarrafawa. Ana amfani da ita sosai don gwajin aikin na'urar PV, musamman a ƙarƙashin STC, ko Yanayin Gwaji na Misali. A taƙaice, ita ce babbar tushen haske a bayan gwajin lantarki na PV na ƙwararru.
Hoto 1 A+ A+ A+ na'urar kwaikwayon hasken rana
Tushen hoto: Intanet
Daidaita Hasken Rana a Ƙarƙashin STC
Ga mafi yawan aikin daidaitawa a dakin gwaje-gwaje, manufa ta farko ita ce hasken rana. A ƙarƙashin STC, ya kamata a daidaita na'urar kwaikwayon zuwa 1000 W/m² tare da bakan AM1.5G da zafin tantanin halitta na 25°C.
A cikin masana'antar PV, ana amfani da tantanin halitta WPVS a matsayin Na'urar Tunanin Farko. Cibiyoyin auna ma'auni masu cancanta kamar PTB ko NREL suna ba da gajeriyar kewayar wutar lantarki, ko Isc, na tantanin WPVS a ƙarƙashin hasken AM1.5G da 1000 W/m². Wannan ƙimar auna tana da alaƙa da Tsarin Raka'o'in Duniya, kuma rashin tabbas nata na iya zama ƙasa da kusan 0.5%.
Saboda wannan alaƙa da kwanciyar hankali, ana amfani da tantanin WPVS sau da yawa don canja wurin ƙimar auna mai ƙarancin rashin tabbas zuwa na'urorin tunani na biyu.
Duk da haka, daidaita hasken rana na matakin tsarin ba wai kawai saita lamba ɗaya a cikin software ba ne. Yankin gwaji yana da girma, sau da yawa kusan 2.6 m × 1.5 m ko ma 3 m × 2 m. Kafin daidaita haske na ƙarshe, ya kamata a auna rarraba haske a fadin filin gwaji wuri zuwa wuri. Bisa ga IEC 60904-9, yankin gwajin rashin daidaituwa ya kamata ya rufe aƙalla 80% na yankin gwajin na'urar kwaikwayo. Bayan haka, ana iya ƙididdige matsakaicin haske na dukan filin gwaji kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman tushen daidaitawa.
Hoto 2 Tantanin WPVS
Tushen hoto: Intanet
Kula da Tantaniyar Tunani ta WPVS: Ƙananan Kurakurai Matsayi Suna da Muhimmanci
A lokacin daidaitawa, ana sanya tantanin WPVS a matsayin tantanin tunani don lura da hasken rana a lokacin aikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Siginar wutar lantarki daga tantanin WPVS ana canza shi zuwa siginar wutar lantarki ta hanyar amplifier ko resistor, sannan tsarin na'urar kwaikwayo ya karanta shi.
Ana kammala daidaitawa ta hanyar daidaita ma'aunin software mai dacewa. Misali, wasu na'urorin kwaikwayo na Halm suna amfani da saitin darajar daidaitawa, yayin da wasu tsarin Pasan ke amfani da saitunan hankali. A wasu tsarin, ana ba da alakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da hankali kai tsaye a matsayin tsarin juyawa.
Amma akwai wani bayani da ba a kula da shi: ana sanya tantanin tunani a waje da babban yankin gwaji. Hasken rana a wannan wuri na iya zama ƙasa da matsakaicin hasken rana a kan jirgin gwajin module. Idan aka yi amfani da darajar awo kai tsaye ba tare da ramawa ba, hasken rana na ainihi a yankin gwajin module na iya yin yawa sosai, wanda zai shafi ƙarfin da aka auna.
Ko da an sanya tantanin tunani a cikin yankin gwaji, matsalar ba ta ɓace gaba ɗaya ba. Ga na'urar kwaikwayo ta aji A+ tare da rashin daidaituwa ƙasa da 1%, ana sanya tantanin tunani kusa da gefen yankin gwaji. Wannan na iya haifar da karkata kusan 0.5% zuwa 1%. A gwajin PV, wannan ba ƙaramin lamba ba ne.
Hakanan ana buƙatar sarrafa zafin tantanin halitta kusa da 25°C. Ko da yake ma'aunin zafin Isc yawanci ƙanana ne, canjin zafin yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin tabbas na aunawa. Idan daidaito shine manufa, ya kamata a rage tasirin zafin gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Hoto 3 Wurin gwajin hasken rana da matsayin tantanin halitta
Gyara a Matsayin Hasken Rana Daban-daban
Kwayoyin WPVS ba kawai tsayayye ba ne; suna kuma da kyakkyawan layi. Wannan yana sa su zama masu amfani don gyara hasken simulator a matakan haske daban-daban. Misali, idan hasken da ake nema shine 200 W/m², ana iya ninka ƙimar Isc da aka gyara a 1000 W/m² da 0.2 don samun daidaitaccen halin yanzu.
Ga simulators na hasken rana na xenon-lamp, manyan canje-canje na haske galibi ana samun su ta hanyar tacewa daban-daban. Bayan canza tacewa, ana ba da shawarar a sake auna rashin daidaituwar haske, saboda rarraba haske na iya canzawa tare da ƙarfin haske.
Gyaran Siffar Hasken Rana: Simulators na Xenon da LED
Ga masu kwaikwayon hasken rana na xenon, bakan yana dogara ne akan tushen fitila da matattarar haske. A yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ba za a iya daidaita bakan cikin 'yanci ba. Saboda haka, hanyar da ta dace ita ce amfani da na'urar spectrometer da aka daidaita don auna bakan a wurare da yawa a cikin yankin gwaji. Bisa ga IEC 60904-4, ana buƙatar aƙalla wuraren auna guda huɗu.
Mahimmin abu ba shine a sanya bakan ya zama cikakke a wuri ɗaya ba, amma a tabbatar da cewa mai kwaikwayon ya cika nau'in bakan da ake buƙata a kan yankin gwajin da ya dace.
Hoto 4 Wuraren auna bakan
Masu kwaikwayon hasken rana na LED sun fi sassauƙa. Yawancin lokaci ana iya daidaita rarraba bakan su ta hanyar software, yana sauƙaƙa saduwa da buƙatun bakan A+ a cikin IEC 60904-9. Duk da haka, ya kamata a rage karkacewar bakan, wanda galibi ana tattaunawa ta hanyar kimantawa mai alaƙa da SPD, gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Wani abin damuwa na aiki shi ne cewa masu kwaikwayon LED galibi ana gina su ne daga allon da'ira na LED da yawa. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton bakan a fadin jirgin gwaji. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da kyau a auna maki da yawa maimakon dogaro da mafi ƙarancin buƙata.
Wani muhimmin batu: Masu kwaikwayon LED na iya samun manyan canje-canje na haske ba tare da tacewa ba, amma bakan su na iya canzawa a matakan haske daban-daban. Duk lokacin da aka canza saitin haske sosai, ya kamata a sake duba bakan maimakon a ɗauka cewa bai canza ba.
Takaitawa: Gyara shine Tushen Auna PV
Gyaran kwaikwayon hasken rana shine ɗayan tushen gwajin ingantaccen tsarin PV. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, babban manufar shine cimma ma'auni daidai sannan a mika ingantattun ƙimar gyara ga na'urorin tunani na biyu.
A cikin layin samarwa, dabarar gyara na iya bambanta saboda gudun, maimaitawa, kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki, da sarrafa tsarin masana'anta duk sun zama wani ɓangare na tsarin auna. Amma ainihin ka'idar ta kasance iri ɗaya: dole ne a sarrafa, a tabbatar, kuma a fahimci tushen haske.
Dukansu gyaran haske da auna bakan suna buƙatar aiki mai kyau. Matsayin tantanin tunani, rashin daidaituwa na yankin gwaji, canje-canjen tacewa, rarraba bakan LED, da sarrafa zafin jiki duk na iya yin tasiri ga sakamakon ƙarfin ƙarshe. A gwajin PV, ƙananan kurakurai ba sa zama ƙanana na dogon lokaci.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
A matsayin mai samar da kayan aiki da ke aiki tare da layin samar da hasken rana, Ooitech tana ganin daidaita na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana ba wai saiti na lokaci daya ba ne, amma wani bangare ne na tsarin kula da ingancin masana'anta gaba daya. Don kera kayayyaki masu yawan gaske, dole ne a daidaita na'urar gwada IV da na'urar kwaikwayo ta hasken rana tare da tsarin daidaitawa bayyananne, na'urorin tunani masu tsayayye, da horar da ma'aikata masu amfani; in ba haka ba, daidaiton dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya rashin canzawa zuwa maimaitawar layin samarwa. Babban kalubale shi ne daidaita daidaito tare da ingancin samarwa na yau da kullum, musamman lokacin da fasahohin kayayyaki na ci gaba da mafi girman matakan wutar lantarki ke sa kananan bambance-bambancen aunawa su zama mafi bayyane.
