Gabatarwa

Yawancin photovoltaic modules an gina su daga ƴan kayan asali. Wani module na hasken rana na yau da kullun yana kunshe da kayan saman gaba, sel hasken rana, kayan encapsulant, kayan baya, firam da wasu sassa masu tallafi. Kowane Layer yana da aikinsa, kuma tare suna yanke shawarar yadda module yake aiki da tsawon lokacin da zai yi. Bari mu bi su ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Kayan Saman Gaba

Abin da yake yi da dalilin da yasa gilashi ya fi nasara

Kayan gaban saman na PV module dole ne ya kasance yana da babban transmittance a cikin kewayon tsawon raƙuman da za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar hasken rana, tare da ƙarancin refractive index, don haka hasken rana ya sha yadda ya kamata. Bayan watsawa da tunani, kayan gaba ya kamata ya zama mara ruwa, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na tasiri, ya tsaya tsayin daka a ƙarƙashin hasken UV na dogon lokaci, kuma yana da ƙarancin juriya na zafi don hana ruwa ko tururin ruwa lalata lambobin ƙarfe da haɗin kai, wanda zai rage rayuwar aikin module.

Saboda modules suna zaune a waje kuma galibi suna fuskantar yanayi mai tsanani kamar iska, yashi, ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, kayan gaba kuma suna buƙatar wani ƙarfi don kare sel ɗin da ke ciki daga tasirin waje.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don saman gaba, ciki har da acrylic, polymers da gilashi. Mafi yawan zaɓi shine gilashin low-iron mai tauri, saboda yana da ƙarancin farashi, mai ƙarfi, tsayayye, yana da haske sosai, mai hana ruwa, mai hana iska, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin tsaftace kai.

Sel Hasken Rana

Zuciyar samar da wutar lantarki

Tantanin hasken rana yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassa na kayan aikin PV kuma yana ƙayyade ƙarfin fitowar kayan aikin gaba ɗaya. Yana da wafer semiconductor wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana, kuma muddin an cika wasu yanayin haskakawa, tantanin yana fitar da wutar lantarki kuma yana samar da halin yanzu idan an haɗa shi a cikin da'ira.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan tantanin halitta da yawa. Ta hanyar fasahar sarrafawa sun haɗa da TOPCon, BC, HJT da sauransu. Ta girman ƙayyadaddun bayanai akwai 182, 183, 210 da ƙari. Ko da a cikin fasaha da girman iri ɗaya, ana ƙara rarraba tantanin halitta ta hanyar inganci.

Kayan Rufe

Layin haɗin da ke riƙe komai tare

Kayan rufewa yana ba da mannewa tsakanin tantanin hasken rana da saman gaba da baya na kayan aikin. Dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma da kuma hasken UV mai ƙarfi. Hakanan ya kamata ya kasance mai haske, tare da ƙarancin juriyar zafi da juriyar wutar lantarki mai girma.

EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shine mafi yawan amfani da shi. Yana zuwa a matsayin fim na bakin ciki wanda aka shimfida tsakanin sel da saman gaba da baya, yana samar da tsarin sandwich. Wannan sandwich din sai a yi zafi zuwa 140-150°C a karkashin wani matsi na wani lokaci, yana barin EVA ya yi polymerize kuma ya hada module din tare. A hoton da ke kasa, fim din da ke kan sel mai haske shine EVA.

Backsheet

Fuskar baya mai kariya

Backsheet na PV shine fuskar baya na module. Babban bukatunsa shine karancin juriya na zafi da ikon hana ruwa ko tururin ruwa shiga. Modules na gilashi daya yawanci suna amfani da fim na polymer a matsayin backsheet, yayin da modules na gilashi biyu suna amfani da gilashi maimakon, tunda gilashin baya mai haske zai iya sha hasken da ke haskaka daga kasa kuma ya kara da fitarwar wutar lantarki.

PV Ribbon (Tin-Coated Copper Ribbon)

Yadda ake tattara da kuma daukar wutar lantarki

Ribbon na PV, ribbon na jan ƙarfe da aka rufe da tin, an raba shi zuwa interconnect ribbon da bus ribbon. Interconnect ribbon yana haɗa sel a cikin module; ana siyar da shi kai tsaye zuwa busbars masu gudanarwa a saman sel ta hanyar injin stringer, yana gudanarwa da tattara wutar lantarki daga kowane sel. Bus ribbon yana haɗa sel strings a cikin module; ana siyar da shi zuwa interconnect ribbons kuma yana tattara wutar lantarki da sel ke samarwa zuwa akwatin junction.

Tushen ribbon na PV shine jan ƙarfe, wanda aka rufe da siririn Layer na tin. Tushen jan ƙarfe yana ba da babban gudanarwa da ƙarancin juriya, yana rage juriya na ciki na module da yanke asarar wutar lantarki. Ana buƙatar rufe tin saboda jan ƙarfe yana da babban wurin narkewa da rashin iya siyarwa da kansa; rufe tin a kan tushen jan ƙarfe yana ba ribbon kyakkyawan iya siyarwa kuma yana barin interconnect ribbon ya ɗaure da ƙarfi ga busbars a saman sel, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gudanar da wutar lantarki.

Akwatin Junction

Gada zuwa waje da wutar lantarki

Akwatin haɗin wutar lantarki yana watsa wutar lantarki akan na'urar PV. Yana haɗuwa da bus ribbon na ciki kuma yana haɗa na'urar zuwa da'irar waje. Yana buƙatar aikin lantarki mai kyau, kuma ƙirarsa da girmansa dole ne su dace da buƙatun yanayin aiki, gami da buƙatun lantarki, injiniya, juriyar zafi, juriyar lalacewa da juriyar yanayi, ba tare da cutar da masu amfani ko muhalli ba. Akwatunan haɗin na'urar PV na yau da kullun suna amfani da masu haɗin MC4 masu sauri.

Frame

Ƙarfi, rufewa da sauƙin shigarwa

Firam ɗin yana da dalilai da yawa. Na farko, yana kare gefen gilashin kuma yana hana na'urar fashewa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje. Na biyu, tare da manne gefe, yana ƙarfafa aikin rufewar na'urar. Na uku, yana haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya gabaɗaya na na'urar. Na huɗu, yana sauƙaƙa shigarwa da jigilar na'urar, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyin haɗa na'urar zuwa tsarin shigarwa, don haka gyara daidai yana ba da mafi kyawun juriyar nauyi, daga abubuwan gyara guda ɗaya zuwa tsararrun da aka haɗa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya na dukkan tsarin tashar wutar lantarki.

Manne

Hana shigar danshi

Ana amfani da sealant don haɗa akwatin haɗi zuwa bayan PV, yana kiyaye tazarar da ke tsakanin su ta hanyar hana ruwa shiga da kuma inganta juriyar yanayin module. Hakanan yana haɗa module zuwa firam, yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin su biyu kuma yana hana tururin ruwa shiga cikin module.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: aikin hasken rana da tsawon rayuwar sa sun dogara da yadda kayan da aka haɗa su, daga gilashin gaba zuwa sealant, ke aiki tare a matsayin tsari ɗaya.