Babban Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Rana: Cikakken Bayani
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Gabatarwa
Yawancin modules na photovoltaic ana gina su daga ƴan kayan asali. Module na hasken rana na yau da kullun yana kunshe da kayan saman gaba, sel hasken rana, kayan encapsulant, kayan baya, firam da wasu sassa masu tallafi. Kowane Layer yana da aikinsa, kuma tare suna yanke shawarar yadda module yake aiki da tsawon lokacin da zai yi. Bari mu bi su ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
Kayan Saman Gaba
Abin da yake yi da dalilin da yasa gilashi ya fi
Kayan gaban saman na PV module dole ne ya kasance yana da babban transmittance a cikin kewayon tsawon raƙuman hasken da za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar solar cells, tare da ƙananan refractive index, don hasken rana ya sha yadda ya kamata. Bayan watsawa da tunani, kayan gaban ya kamata ya kasance ba ya shiga ruwa, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na tasiri, ya tsaya tsayin daka a ƙarƙashin dogon lokaci na UV, kuma yana da ƙananan juriya na zafi don hana ruwa ko tururin ruwa lalata ma'adanai da haɗin kai, wanda zai rage rayuwar module.
Saboda modules suna zaune a waje kuma sau da yawa suna fuskantar mummunan yanayi kamar iska, yashi, ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, kayan gaban kuma yana buƙatar wani tsayin daka don kare sel a ciki daga tasirin waje.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don saman gaban, ciki har da acrylic, polymers da gilashi. Mafi yawan zaɓi shine tempered low-iron glass, saboda yana da ƙarancin farashi, ƙarfi, tsayayye, yana da haske sosai, ba ya shiga ruwa, ba ya shiga iska, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin tsaftace kai.
Solar Cells
Zuciyar samar da wutar lantarki
Tantanin hasken rana yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassan na'urar PV kuma yana ƙayyade ƙarfin fitowar na'urar gaba ɗaya. Wani ɗan ƙaramin semiconductor ne wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana, kuma idan an cika wasu yanayi na haske, tantanin yana fitar da wutar lantarki kuma yana samar da igiyar lantarki idan an haɗa shi a cikin da'ira.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan tantanin halitta da yawa. Ta hanyar fasahar sarrafawa sun haɗa da TOPCon, BC, HJT da sauransu. Ta girman ƙayyadaddun suna da 182, 183, 210 da ƙari. Ko da a cikin fasaha da girman iri ɗaya, ana ƙara rarraba tantanin halitta ta hanyar inganci.
Kayan Rufe
Layin haɗin da ke riƙe komai tare
Kayan rufe yana ba da mannewa tsakanin tantanin hasken rana da saman gaba da baya na na'urar. Dole ne ya kasance mai tsayayye a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma da kuma hasken UV mai ƙarfi. Hakanan ya kamata ya kasance mai haske, tare da ƙarancin juriyar zafi da juriyar lantarki mai girma.
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) shine mafi yawan amfani da encapsulant. Yana zuwa a matsayin fim na bakin ciki wanda aka shimfida tsakanin sel da saman gaba da baya, yana samar da tsarin sandwich. Wannan sandwich sai a yi zafi zuwa 140-150°C a karkashin wani matsi na wani lokaci, don ba da damar EVA ta yi polymerize kuma ta haɗa module tare. A hoton da ke ƙasa, fim ɗin da ke kan sel mai ɗan haske shine EVA.
Backsheet
Fuskar baya mai kariya
Backsheet na PV shine fuskar baya na module. Babban buƙatunsa shine ƙarancin juriya na zafi da ikon hana ruwa ko tururin ruwa shiga. Modules masu gilashi guda ɗaya yawanci suna amfani da fim ɗin polymer a matsayin backsheet, yayin da modules masu gilashi biyu suna amfani da gilashi maimakon, tunda gilashin baya mai haske zai iya ɗaukar haske da aka nuna daga ƙasa kuma ya ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa.
PV Ribbon (Tin-Coated Copper Ribbon)
Yadda ake tattara da ɗaukar wutar lantarki
Ribbon na PV, ribbon na jan ƙarfe da aka rufe da tin, an raba shi zuwa interconnect ribbon da bus ribbon. Interconnect ribbon yana haɗa sel a cikin module; ana siyar da shi kai tsaye zuwa busbars masu gudanarwa a saman sel ta hanyar injin stringer, yana gudanarwa da tattara wutar lantarki daga kowane sel. Bus ribbon yana haɗa sel strings a cikin module; ana siyar da shi zuwa interconnect ribbons kuma yana tattara wutar lantarki da sel ke samarwa zuwa akwatin junction.
Tushen ribbon na PV shine jan ƙarfe, wanda aka rufe da wani bakin tin. Tushen jan ƙarfe yana ba da babban gudanarwa da ƙarancin juriya, yana rage juriya na ciki na module da yanke asarar wutar lantarki. Ana buƙatar rufe tin saboda jan ƙarfe yana da babban wurin narkewa da rashin iya siyarwa da kansa; rufe tin a kan tushen jan ƙarfe yana ba da ribbon kyakkyawan iya siyarwa kuma yana barin interconnect ribbon ya ɗaure da ƙarfi ga busbars a saman sel, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gudanar da wutar lantarki.
Junction Box
Gada zuwa da'irar waje
Akwatin haɗin wutar lantarki yana watsa wutar lantarki akan na'urar PV. Yana haɗuwa da ribbon ɗin bas na ciki kuma yana haɗa na'urar zuwa da'irar waje. Yana buƙatar aikin lantarki mai kyau, kuma ƙirarsa da girmansa dole ne su dace da buƙatun yanayin aiki, gami da buƙatun lantarki, injiniya, juriyar zafi, juriyar lalacewa da juriyar yanayi, ba tare da cutar da masu amfani ko muhalli ba. Akwatunan haɗin PV na yau da kullun suna amfani da masu haɗin MC4 masu sauri.
Firam
Ƙarfi, rufewa da sauƙin shigarwa
Firam ɗin yana da amfani da yawa. Na farko, yana kare gefen gilashin kuma yana hana na'urar fashewa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje. Na biyu, haɗe da manne gefe, yana ƙarfafa aikin rufewar na'urar. Na uku, yana haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya gabaɗaya na na'urar. Na huɗu, yana sauƙaƙa shigarwa da jigilar na'urar, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyin haɗa na'urar zuwa tsarin hawa, don haka gyara daidai yana ba da mafi kyawun juriyar nauyi, daga abubuwan hawa guda ɗaya zuwa tsararrun da aka haɗa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya na dukkan tsarin tashar wutar lantarki.
Manne
Kiyaye danshi daga shiga
Ana amfani da sealant don haɗa akwatin haɗi zuwa bayan PV, don kiyaye tazarar da ke tsakanin su ta hanyar hana ruwa shiga da kuma inganta juriyar yanayin module. Hakanan yana haɗa module zuwa firam, yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin su biyu kuma yana hana tururin ruwa shiga cikin module.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
Ooitech ta yi imani: aikin hasken rana da tsawon rayuwar sa sun dogara ne akan yadda kayan da aka haɗa su, daga gilashin gaba zuwa sealant, ke aiki tare a matsayin tsari ɗaya.
