Gwaje-gwajen Amintaccen Module na PV: Cikakken Jeri, Abin da Kowanne Ke Rushewa, da Abin da Za Ka Iya Gudanarwa a Cikin Gida
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Gwajin amincin module na PV ya ta'allaka ne kan jerin gwaje-gwaje masu sauri da aka kayyade, kowanne an tsara shi don lalata wani sashe na musamman na module, kuma kowanne ana karanta shi ta hanyar ma'auni guda huɗu: ƙarfin IV, electroluminescence, duban gani da juriya na rufi. IEC 61215 yana kafa tushen cancanta; ƙayyadaddun abokin ciniki da shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku kamar PVEL suna ƙara tsanani a kansa. A ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin gwaje-gwaje, abin da kowane gwaji ke ƙoƙarin lalatawa, da kuma wane gefen module — tantanin halitta ko laminate — yakan faɗi da farko.
Karanta Wannan Da Farko: Gajartawar Ba Daidaitacciya Ba Ce
Kafin teburin, gargaɗi ɗaya da ke ceton rudani mai yawa a taron saye da sayarwa. Gajartawar masana'antu don waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da ita ba daidai ba, kuma wasu daga cikinta sun saba wa ma'aunin da take da'awar yin nuni da shi.
IEC 61215-2 tana lissafta hanyoyinta a matsayin abubuwan MQT. Wadanda suka dace su ne:
| Hanyar IEC 61215-2 | Lambar MQT |
|---|---|
| Gwajin jurewar tabo mai zafi | MQT 09 |
| Gwajin zagayowar zafi | MQT 11 |
| Gwajin daskarewar danshi | MQT 12 |
| Gwajin zafi mai danshi | MQT 13 |
| Gwajin yoyon wutar lantarki mai jika | MQT 15 |
| Gwajin nauyin inji | MQT 16 |
| Gwajin ƙanƙara | MQT 17 |
| Gwajin zafin diode na kewayawa | MQT 18 |
Yanzu kwatanta wannan da yadda ake rubuta gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya a cikin fakitin ƙididdiga da rahotannin ciki:
- HF ana amfani da shi akai-akai don nufin ƙanƙara. A cikin IEC 61215, HF shine daskarewar danshi sake zagayowar (MQT 12). Tasirin ƙanƙara shine MQT 17 kuma ba shi da nadi na HF.
- DH wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don nufin damp heat tare da matakin daskare. Damp heat shine MQT 13; matakin daskare shine gwajin daskarewar danshi daban (MQT 12).
- HS ana amfani da shi don duka hot spot da dahumidity soak
, kuma humidity soak ba sunan tsarin IEC 61215 bane kwata-kwata — tsarin damp-heat na ma'aunin shine DH. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan da ya wuce gona da iri. Idan ƙayyadaddun gwajin ku ya ce HF kuma mai samar da ku ya karanta shi a matsayin humidity-freeze yayin da abokin cinikin ku ya karanta shi a matsayin ƙanƙara, za ku gano bambancin a rahoton cancanta, ba a lokacin farashi ba.
Rubuta lambar MQT, ba gajarta ba.
| Gwaje-gwajen Cancanta | Gwaji | Abin da yake kwaikwaya | Tsananin da aka saba |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC reference | Sauyin zafin rana da dare da na yanayi | −40 °C zuwa +85 °C; zagaye 200 don cancanta, 50 don tantancewa | MQT 11 |
| Rashin zafi da daskarewa (HF) | Daskarewa da narkewa tare da danshi | Zagaye, tare da lokacin daskarewa bayan fallasa danshi | MQT 12 |
| Zafi mai danshi (DH) | Yanayin zafi mai danshi a bakin teku ko na wurare masu zafi | 85 °C / 85 %RH na awanni 1,000; abokan ciniki sukan tsawaita zuwa awanni 2,000 | MQT 13 |
| Jurewar wuri mai zafi | Inuwa ta wani bangare da ke tilasta tantanin haske shiga juyi | Tantanin haske daya a cikin inuwa a rana 1 na awanni 5 | MQT 09 |
| Tasirin ƙanƙara | Tasirin inji daga ƙanƙara | Ƙayyadadden nauyin ƙwallon ƙanƙara da saurinsa a wuraren tasiri da aka ayyana | MQT 17 |
| Nauyin inji | Matsin iska da dusar ƙanƙara a kan laminate | Nauyi daidai, yawanci 2,400 Pa ko fiye, gaba da baya | MQT 16 |
| Magani na farko da UV | Shekaru na fallasa ultraviolet | Ƙayyadadden adadin UV, gaba da baya don bifacial | IEC 61215-2 |
| Ruwan da ke gudana a jika | Cikakkiyar rufi a yanayin jika | Ƙarfin rufi da aka auna tare da module ɗin a jika | MQT 15 |
| Zafin diode na bypass | Dumama diode a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da wutar bypass | Wutar da aka tilasta ta diode tare da lura da zafin jiki | MQT 18 |
Abubuwa biyu game da wannan jeri sun cancanci faɗi a sarari. TC50 gwajin tantancewa ne don ci gaban cikin gida; TC200 shine abin da cancanta ke buƙata. Kuma DH1000 shine tushen cancanta — abokin ciniki da ke neman DH2000 yana neman ninki biyu na fallasa, wanda shine ainihin bambancin injiniya ba aikin takarda ba.
Gwaje-gwajen Ƙarin da Na Musamman na Kasuwa
Waɗannan ba buƙatun cancantar IEC 61215 ba ne. Suna zuwa daga shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku, ƙayyadaddun abokin ciniki ko kasuwar da ake nufa, kuma a nan ne yawancin buƙatun tayin suke.
| Gwaje-gwajen Cancanta | Me yasa ake buƙata | Lura |
|---|---|---|
| PID, tsawaita lokaci | Damuwar tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, ƙaura na sodium ion | Shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku yawanci suna gudanar da 192 h a 85 °C / 85 %RH tare da −1,000 V ko −1,500 V da aka yi amfani da su, sabanin ɗan gajeren lokaci na ma'aunin. Ana buƙata akai-akai a cikin tayin manyan kamfanoni |
| Zafi mai ɗanɗano, tsawaita | Ninki biyu na bayyanar cancanta | 1,000 h shine tushe; 2,000 h shine tsawaita abokin ciniki |
| Lalacewar gishiri mai hazo | Shigarwa na bakin teku da na teku | IEC 61701 — yana lalata ƙarfe, firam da haɗin kai |
| Lalacewar ammonia | Wuraren noma da kiwon dabbobi | IEC 62716 — yana lalata ƙarfe, encapsulant da firam |
| Yashi da ƙura | Wuraren hamada da bushewa | Lalacewar murfin anti-reflective da gilashi, da kuma tarawa |
| Nauyin dusar ƙanƙara | Nauyin da ba ya canzawa, ba mai maimaitawa ba | Lanƙwasawa ta tsawon lokaci ba maimaita zagayowar ba |
| Nutsewa | Aikace-aikacen haɗarin ambaliya da na iyo | Rashin cikakken rufewa shine yanayin gazawa |
| Ƙarfafawa / tashin ƙarfi | Matsalolin wucin gadi da walƙiya ke haifarwa | Kariyar akwatin haɗin waya da tazarar rufi |
Abin da A zahiri Ke Gazawa: Bangaren Tantanin Halitta da Bangaren Module
Wannan shine ɓangaren da ya fi muhimmanci a samarwa, domin yana gaya maka ko gazawar tana nuni ga mai samar da tantanin halitta naka ko kuma layin lamination da haɗa naka. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana haɗa abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa da aka ruwaito a cikin tarin masana'antar Sinawa na waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, an sake tsara su bisa gwajin.
| Gwaje-gwajen Cancanta | Abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa a bangaren tantanin halitta | Abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa a bangaren module |
|---|---|---|
| Lalacewar da haske ke haifarwa (LID) | Haɗin boron-oxygen da haske ke kunnawa a cikin silicon mai boron; yawan oxygen mai yawa; sintering da annealing da ba a kan hanya ba; gurɓataccen ƙarfe a cikin wafer | Yanayin zafi na lamination da curing da ke canza yanayin annealed na tantanin halitta; yanayin hydrogen mara kyau a cikin laminate da ke hanzarta kunna lahani |
| LeTID, lalacewar matakin ƙarshe | Rarraba hydrogen a cikin wafer; canjin sigogin sintering da annealing; gurɓataccen carbon da ƙarfe | Rushewar encapsulant da ke samar da ƙarin hydrogen; ci gaba da yanayin zafi mai girma da ke hanzarta martani |
| PID | Yaduddukan passivation marasa ƙarfi ko masu ɗauke da ramukan pinhole; keɓewar gefe da ba ta cika ba da ke haifar da yoyo a gefe; rashin isasshen juriyar insulation na passivation | Sakin sodium daga gilashin soda-lime; ƙarancin juriyar wutar lantarki ta encapsulant; gazawar hatimin gefe da ke barin danshi ya shiga; rashin isasshen grounding na firam |
| Damp heat | Passivation mai rauni a gefe; ƙarfe mai saurin lalacewa; rashin isasshen insulation na gefe | Rashin kyakkyawan shingen danshi na backsheet; gazawar hatimin gefe; hydrolysis na encapsulant da ke samar da acetic acid; ramukan da lamination da bai cika ba ya bari |
| Wurin zafi | Babban yoyo na juyawa; gurɓata ko yankuna masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki na gida; karyewar yatsu da ƙananan tsagewa da ke haifar da rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki | Rashin daidaituwa a cikin igiyar; zaɓin diode na wucewa mara kyau ko haɗin solder mai sanyi; inuwa ta waje mai dorewa ko ƙazanta |
| Ƙananan tsagewa (wanda EL ya gano) | Raunin wafer na bakin ciki; damuwa mai saura daga bugawa da sintering; lalacewar sarrafawa yayin yankewa, rarrabewa da jigilar kaya | Matsi mara daidaituwa na lamination; damuwa mai ja daga solder na ribbon; damuwa yayin firam, sarrafawa da nauyin inji; damuwa na sanyi bayan lamination |
| Lalacewar UV | Murfin rigakafin haske tare da rashin isasshen kwanciyar hankali na UV; canjin ma'aunin refractive yana ƙara shan haske | Rashin isasshen mai daidaita UV a cikin encapsulant ko backsheet; yin rawaya yana rage watsawa; tsagewar backsheet yana barin danshi ya shiga |
| Zagayowar zafi | Damuwa mai saura a cikin tantanin; rashin daidaituwar faɗaɗawar zafi tsakanin metallisation da silicon | Rashin daidaituwar faɗaɗawa a fadin ribbon, tantanin, gilashi da encapsulant; haɗin solder mai sanyi yana tattara damuwa; damuwa mai saura na lamination |
| Tasirin ƙanƙara | Wafer na bakin ciki mai ƙarancin ƙarfin tasiri; ƙananan tsagewa da suka riga sun kasance lokacin isowa; damuwa mai saura na tsari | Rashin isasshen kauri na gilashi ko rashin kyakkyawan yanayin taurin gilashi; encapsulant mai tauri sosai ko siriri sosai don shan kuzari; raunin goyon bayan firam; rashin dacewar tazarar sel |
| Nauyin inji | Mikiro-cracks da suka riga su kasance; ƙarancin ƙarfin wafer a ƙarƙashin lanƙwasawa | Rashin isasshen ƙarfin firam ko haɗawa; rashin kyakkyawan ƙirar tazarar sel; rashin isasshen taurin backsheet; damuwar lamination na ciki |
| Haushin gishiri | Yatsu na azurfa da azurfa-aluminium masu rauni ga harin chloride; raunin kariya ta gefe; ƙarancin yawan sintered paste | Lalacewar anodising na firam; gazawar firam ko rufewar backsheet; lahani a rufewar junction box; lalacewar ribbon coating |
| Ammonia | Lalacewar metallisation da passivation a ƙarƙashin ammonia da danshi | Rashin iyawar encapsulant da backsheet; martanin firam da kayan aiki; haɓakar hydrolysis |
| Yayyo da ruwa da insulation | Rashin cikakken keɓewar gefe; rashin isasshen insulation na gefe; burrs da gefuna masu kaifi da ke haifar da fitarwa ta ɓangare | Rashin isassun ko ramukan allura da suka shafi yaduddukan insulation; wuce gona da iri na juriya na ƙasa na firam; rashin isasshen nisan creepage a cikin junction box |
| Barewa da mannewa | Ƙarancin ƙarfin saman rufin tantanin halitta yana haifar da raunin mannewar encapsulant | Yanayin zafi na lamination, lokaci ko matsi ƙasa da manufa; rashin shirye-shiryen saman gilashi ko backsheet; rashin daidaituwar tsarin encapsulant |
Karanta ƙasa da ginshiƙai biyu kuma rarrabuwar tana daidaita: ginshiƙin tantanin halitta ya shafi ingancin kayan da tarihin zafi; ginshiƙin module ya shafi mu'amala, rufewa, damuwa da taga tsari. Wannan ita ce ƙa'idar bincike ta aiki da wannan tebur ɗin yake ɓoye.
Abin da Za Ka Iya Gwadawa a Cikin Gida, da Abin da Ba Za Ka Iya Ba
Yawancin masana'antu suna ɗaukar gwajin aminci a matsayin wani abu da ke faruwa a dakin gwaje-gwaje. A aikace, rarrabuwar ta bambanta, kuma sanin inda layin ya faɗi yana canza yadda sauri za ka iya mayar da martani ga gazawa.
Gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar ɗaki ko dakin gwaje-gwaje
Zazzagewar zafi, daskarewar danshi, zafin danshi, PID, hazo na gishiri, ammonia da UV preconditioning duk suna buƙatar ɗakunan muhalli tare da ingantaccen sarrafawa da dogon lokacin gudanarwa ba tare da kulawa ba. Babu wanda ke gudanar da waɗannan a matsayin binciken samarwa na yau da kullum.
Gwaje-gwajen da za ka iya kuma ya kamata ka gudanar a kan layin
Ma'aunin karantawa — guda huɗu da kowane ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da ke sama ake tantance shi da su — duk suna iya samarwa:
- IV iko da aikin lantarki. Na'urar kwaikwayo ta aji A+A+A+ da na'urar gwajin IV suna ba ka ma'aunin iko wanda kowane sakamakon gwaji ake bayyana shi da shi. Namu XJCM-13A+ na'urar gwajin IV na module, OTMT-A na'urar kwaikwayo ta rana da ST-TLD3A+ na'urar gwajin IV an gina su don amfani a cikin layi ko a waje a ƙimar samarwa.
- Electroluminescence. EL shine yadda ake gano ƙananan fashe-fashe, yatsun da suka karye, wuraren da ba su aiki da ƙwayoyin da PID ya shafa. Binciken EL da VI na cikin layi, tashar EL ta module mai zaman kanta kamar OEL-S2400, da na'urar hannu don bincike na fili ko na karɓa ayyuka uku ne daban-daban. na'urar gwajin EL mai ɗauka ita ce abin da kake amfani da shi don duba ƙwayoyin da ke shigowa da modules da aka dawo ba tare da tsayar da layi ba.
- Insulation, hipot da ci gaba da ƙasa. Waɗannan su ne ma'aunin aminci, kuma suna da sauri sosai don gudanar da kowane module. CHT9980A cikakken na'urar gwajin aminci yana rufe hipot, insulation da ci gaba da ƙasa a tasha ɗaya; CHT9951A da CHT9930A yana rufe ayyukan ɗaiɗaikun.
- Binciken gani. Har yanzu ana buƙatar karantawa, kuma har yanzu shine mafi arha.
Inda gwajin cikin gida ke da amfani
Yanayi biyu. Na farko, lokacin da abokin ciniki ya dawo da modules ko wani rukuni ya gaza a inda aka nufa: samun ikon EL da IV na kanka yana nufin za ka iya gano gazawar cikin sa'o'i maimakon aika samfurori waje da jira. Na biyu, lokacin da ka canza wani abu — sabon encapsulant, wafer sirara, ribbon daban — kwatancen IV da EL na kafin-da-bayan a layinka yana kama hanyoyin gazawar da suka shafi tsari (ramukan lamination, damuwar solder, tsagewar ɗaukar kaya) tun kafin gwajin ɗaki ya isa.
Abin da gwajin cikin gida ba zai iya yi shi ne maye gurbin gwaje-gwajen ɗaki. Zai iya gaya maka cewa wani abu ya canza; ba zai iya gaya maka yadda module ɗin zai kasance bayan sa'o'i 1,000 a 85 °C da 85 %RH ba.
Yadda ake Karanta Rahoton Aminci
Ko wane gwaji ne aka yi, rahoton yana da ma'ana ne kawai idan ya amsa waɗannan tambayoyi:
- Wace hanya kuma wace bita? Lambar MQT da shekarar ma'auni. An sake bitar IEC 61215-2; sakamako ba sa musanya tsakanin bita.
- Menene abubuwan karantawa huɗu kafin da bayan? Ƙarfin IV, EL, gani, juriya na rufi. Cin nasara kan ƙarfi kawai na iya ɓoye canjin EL da ke nuna gazawar filin.
- Menene ma'aunin cin nasara, kuma wa ya kafa shi? Ma'aunin ma'auni da ma'aunin abokin ciniki yawanci suna bambanta. Iyakokin lalacewar ƙarfi na 5 % sun zama ruwan dare amma ba gama-gari ba.
- Samfura nawa, daga wace lokacin samarwa? Sakamako daga modules uku da aka gina a wata rana ɗaya samfurin wannan rana ce.
- Menene gazawar, idan akwai, kuma wace gefen teburin ta faɗa? Wannan shine inda rabuwar tantanin halitta da na'ura da ke sama ke zama mai amfani: yana gaya maka wanda ya kamata ya dauki mataki.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Shin IEC 61215 ma'aunin aminci ne ko ma'aunin tsaro?
IEC 61215 shine cancantar ƙira da amincewar nau'i — yana tabbatar da cewa ƙira zata iya jure wa matsalolin da aka lissafa. Tsaro shine IEC 61730. Na'ura tana buƙatar duka biyun, kuma wucewa a ɗaya baya faɗi komai game da ɗayan.
Menene bambanci tsakanin TC50 da TC200?
Adadin zagayowar kawai, amma manufar ta bambanta. TC50 gwajin haɓakawa ne da tantancewa da ake amfani dashi don kama matsalolin kayan aiki da solder da sauri. TC200 shine buƙatun cancanta a ƙarƙashin IEC 61215. Wucewa TC50 baya nufin wucewa TC200.
Me yasa abokan ciniki ke neman PID a awa 192 yayin da ma'aunin ya fi guntu?
Saboda an saita tsawon ma'aunin a matsayin ƙasan cancanta, kuma masu siye a matakin masana'antu sun ga gazawar PID a fili wanda gwajin matakin ƙasa bai yi hasashen ba. PID mai tsawo, yawanci a babban ƙarfin lantarki da 85 °C / 85 %RH, buƙatun abokin ciniki ne ko shirin ɓangare na uku maimakon buƙatun IEC.
Shin LID yana da mahimmanci ga na'urorin N-type?
LID na boron-oxygen shine farko batun nau'in P mai gurbata boron. Kwayoyin nau'in N kamar TOPCon da heterojunction ba su da shi sosai, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da masana'antu suka koma. Tsarin lalacewar da za a lura da shi akan nau'in N shine LeTID, inda halayen hydrogen maimakon hadaddun boron-oxygen ke haifar da asara.
Shin za mu iya tabbatar da ingancin module ba tare da daki ba?
A'a. Gwaje-gwajen daki sune tabbacin inganci. Abin da za ku iya yi ba tare da daki ba shine gano yanayin gazawar da tsari ya haifar da wuri, tare da EL da IV, da kuma guje wa jigilar modules da za su fadi gwajin daki da abokin ciniki zai yi.
Daga ina abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa a wannan labarin suka fito?
Jerin gwaje-gwajen da aka hada da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa daga bangaren kwaya da bangaren module an dauko su ne daga tarin masana'antar kasar Sin da aka buga ta 新能供应链, tare da gyara alamomin daidaitattun bisa jerin hanyoyin IEC 61215-2. Adadin tsanani da ka'idojin wucewa da aka ambata a nan dabi'u ne na masana'antu, ba madadin rubutun daidaitaccen ba ko takamaiman abokin ciniki. Inda tushen da daidaitaccen suka sami sabani kan gajarta, mun bi daidaitaccen kuma mun fada haka a sama.
