Fasahar Kwaya da Aka Yanke Hudu: Sabuwar Lambar Ingantacciyar Aiki a Masana'antar PV

Gabatarwa

A cikin watanni shida da suka gabata, kalma daya ta fara bayyana akai-akai a cikin da'irar PV: tantanin halitta mai yanke hudu.

Tongwei, JinkoSolar, Trina, Chint... gungun manyan 'yan kasuwa na PV sun yi fare tare. Sabbin samfura suna ci gaba da fitowa daya bayan daya, kuma rikodin ingancin kayan aiki ana karya su akai-akai.

Wasu suna kiranta "juyin juya halin fasaha," wasu kuma suna cewa kawai "tsawaita halitta na rabin-yanke sel." Menene gaskiya? Me yasa manyan 'yan wasa ke yin caca da wannan fasaha tare? Yau bari mu warware shi gaba ɗaya.

Ka'ida: Me yasa Yanke Sel ke da Muhimmanci

Kafin magana game da yanke-sel huɗu, akwai tambaya mai mahimmanci wacce ta cancanci kashe mintuna biyu a kai.

Mutane da yawa suna tunanin manufar yanke-sel shine "inganta inganci." A taƙaice, wannan magana ba daidai ba ce.

Yanke baya inganta ingancin sel, yana inganta ƙarfin da aka tattara na module.

Ingancin sel shine al'amarin sel da kansa. Ko ka yanke shi ko ba ka yanke, ingancin sel ɗaya baya canzawa. Amma da zarar an yanka shi kanana, wutar lantarki ta zama ƙarami, kuma asarar juriya na wutar lantarki akan busbars da ribbons tana raguwa. Wannan makamashin da aka ajiye a ƙarshe yana bayyana a matsayin ƙaruwa a ƙarfin fitarwa na module.

Dokar Joule, kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙarami: asara = I²R. Raba wutar lantarki rabi, asara ta zama kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu.

Dalilin da yasa fasahar rabin-yanke ta zama tartsatsi a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata ya ta'allaka ne ga wannan lissafi mai sauƙi.

Four-cut wani tsawo ne na wannan tunani: a sake yanke halin yanzu rabin, kuma asarar ta sake raguwa zuwa kwata. Haɓaka module daga half-cut zuwa four-cut yana ba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki kusan 10-20W, wanda yayi daidai da haɓaka inganci na maki 0.3-0.5 bisa ɗari.

Wannan ba ya yi kama da yawa. Amma a yanayin farashin yau, wannan maki 0.3 bisa ɗari na iya zama bambanci tsakanin cin nasara ko a'a.

Me yasa Yanzu? Abubuwan Tafiyar da Kasuwa

Ƙa'idar fasaha na sel four-cut ba sabon abu ba ne, mutane suna tattauna shi akalla shekaru biyar da suka wuce. Amma ainihin samarwa da yawa ya faru ne kawai a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.

Me yasa?

Saboda yanayin buƙata ya canza.

Canji na farko shine manufa. A ranar 15 ga Yuni, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta China ta fitar da ma'aunin rarrabuwa da rarrabuwa na modules na PV, tare da rarraba su zuwa matakai huɗu ta hanyar ingancin juyawa, tare da mafi ƙarancin matakin da aka saita a 23.4%. Ko da yake a matsayin ma'auni na shawara, siyan kamfanonin jihar zai fi yiwu ya yi amfani da shi kai tsaye. Ga masu yin module, wannan ba tambaya ce ta "ko za a yi ba," tambaya ce ta "yi ko a kawar da kai."

Za a iya sake gyara yanke-hudu akan layin samarwa da ke akwai, tare da gajerun zagaye, ƙarancin jari, da sakamako mai sauri. Wannan shine farkon abin da ke haifar da bunkasar yanke-hudu: ita ce hanya mafi sauri don cika ma'aunin inganci akan layukan da ke akwai.

Canji na biyu shine yanayin gasa. Fasahar TOPCon tana ƙara zama iri ɗaya, kuma tazarar ingancin tantanin halitta tsakanin 'yan wasa ta ragu zuwa cikin maki 0.2 bisa ɗari. A wannan yanayin, inganta marufi a ƙarshen tsarin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wuraren da suka rage don samar da bambanci.

A wasu kalmomi, damar matse ruwa a ƙarshen tantanin halitta ta kusan ƙarewa, kuma yanzu lokacin ƙarshen tsarin ne.

Babban Kalubale: Kariyar Gefen da Samun Amfanin

Wato, yanke-hudu ba kawai yanke ba ne kuma a gama.

Bayan an yanke tantanin halitta zuwa guda huɗu, yankin lalacewar gefen yanke ya ninka na fasahar rabin-yanke. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, wannan lalacewa tana haifar da sake haɗuwa mai tsanani, wanda a zahiri yana rage inganci, tantanin da aka yanke zai iya zama mafi muni fiye da wanda ba a yanke ba.

Don haka babban wahalar tsari na yanke-hudu ba shine "yanke" ba, amma kariyar gefen bayan haka.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na yau da kullun a yau: Tongwei yana amfani da fasahar TPE edge passivation da ta kirkira, wanda bisa ga bayanan jama'a yana aiki da kyau. Sauran manyan 'yan wasa kowannensu yana da nasa hanyoyin, amma ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanai a fili ba.

Edge passivation yana kama da jimla guda, amma yin shi aiki ne na injiniyan tsarin. Zaɓin kayan passivation layer, sarrafa kauri, daidaito, dacewa da matakan tattarawa na gaba... kowane mataki yana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kamfanonin da suka iya samar da four-cut da yawa har yanzu suna tattare a tsakanin 'yan jagororin.

Wani al'amari na aiki shine yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yayin da yanke ya fi kyau, haɗarin ɓarna yana ƙaruwa. Wani abokina a masana'antar module ya gaya mani cewa yawan ɓarnawar four-cut ya fi half-cut da kashi 2-3, wanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye akan farashi.

Yawan wuraren solder kuma matsala ce. Module na four-cut yana da ninki biyu na wuraren solder na half-cut kuma ninki huɗu na cikakken cell. Kowane wurin solder yana da yuwuwar gazawa. Ko zai iya jure gwajin dogon lokaci na shekaru 25 na garanti, a gaskiya, babu isasshen bayanan aiki na ainihi don amsa wannan tambaya.

Abin da Manyan 'Yan Wasa ke Yi

Menene manyan kamfanonin PV suke yi? Dangane da bayanan jama'a da ake da su a yanzu:

Tongwei yana motsawa da karfi. Jerin TNC 3.0 nasa yana amfani da hanyar yanke hudu, tare da iyakar wutar lantarki ta kai 770W da inganci na 24.8%, wanda ya sanya shi a matakin farko a tsakanin kayayyakin da aka samar da yawa. Kariyar gefe yana amfani da fasahar TPE da suka kirkira.

Trina Solar's Vertex na karni na 3 shima yana amfani da yanke hudu, tare da wutar lantarki ta kai matakin 760W. Trina ya dade yana da zurfin tarin ilimi a fagen tattara kayayyakin, kuma a wannan karon ya fito da dukkan kayan aikinsa.

Jinko's Tiger Neo 3.0 shima ya bi hanyar yanke hudu, a 670W. Dabarar Jinko ta kasance mai tsayayye, ba neman matsananciyar sigogi ba amma yana daraja daidaito a samar da yawa.

Hanyar LONGi ta bambanta. Maimakon tara yanke hudu a kan TOPCon, LONGi ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa hanyar BC, yana amfani da ingancin fasahar tuntuɓar baya don magance matsalar. Kayayyakin BC suna kai 680W a samar da yawa, tare da manufar jigilar kayayyaki a 2026 ta wuce 50GW. Wannan wani tsari ne na daban, ainihin yin caca akan fa'idar tsarar fasahar tantanin halitta.

Chint New Energy's ASTRON 7 Pro shima yana amfani da hanyar yanke hudu, a 670W.

Daga waɗannan samfuran za ku iya ganin bambanci mai ban sha'awa: yawancin kamfanoni suna zaɓar tara yanke-hudu akan layin TOPCon na yanzu don 'tsawaita rayuwarsu,' yayin da LONGi ke zaɓar tsallake wannan mataki kuma ya yi fare kai tsaye akan BC. Wace dabara ce ta ƙarshe ta yi nasara, har yanzu ba a iya yanke hukunci ba.

Fa'idodin Gaskiya ga Masu Mallakar Tashar Wutar Lantarki

Ga masu zuba jari da masu mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, samfuran yanke-hudu suna ba da fa'idodi biyu masu amfani.

Na farko, mafi kyawun aiki a cikin ƙaramin haske. Samfuran yanke-hudu suna da ƙarancin aiki na yanzu, don haka a yanayin ƙaramin haske kamar safiya, maraice, ranaku masu gajimare, da hunturu, asarar samarwa ta yi ƙanƙanta. Kada ku raina wannan bambanci, idan aka canza shi zuwa ribar samarwa ta shekara, tasirin kan dawo da jari yana da gaske.

Na biyu, ƙarfin juriya ga inuwa. Da'irar ciki na samfurin yanke-hudu an raba shi zuwa ƙananan igiyoyi, don haka idan an rufe shi da inuwa (inuwar bishiya, najasar tsuntsaye, tara ƙura), tasirin kan fitar da dukan samfurin ya yi ƙanƙanta. Wannan yana da ma'ana musamman ga yanayin rufin da aka rarraba, inda yanayin inuwa a kan rufin yakan zama mai rikitarwa.

Tabbas, cinikin shine ɗan ƙarin farashin module. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da ribar samar da wutar lantarki daga ingantaccen aiki, ƙimar farashin wutar lantarki (LCOE) mai yiwuwa ya fi kyau.

Hangen nesa: Zaɓi Mai Amfani don Taga na Yanzu

Ga wasu hukunce-hukuncen sirri, don tunani.

A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yanke huɗu zai zama motsi na yau da kullun ga ƙungiyar TOPCon. Tare da ma'aunin ingancin Ma'aikatar, babu haɓakawa ba shi da cancantar yin takara, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuntatawa. Ana sa ran daga rabin na biyu na 2026 zuwa 2027, manyan kamfanoni na TOPCon za su kammala haɓaka yanke huɗu.

A cikin matsakaicin lokaci, yayin da matakai suka balaga kuma samarwa ya inganta, ƙarin farashin yanke huɗu zai ragu a hankali. Zuwa 2027-2028, tazarar farashi tsakanin modules yanke huɗu da waɗanda ba yanke huɗu ba na iya raguwa zuwa matakin da ba a kula da shi ba. A wannan lokacin zai canza daga "zaɓi mai ƙima" na yau zuwa "tsari na asali."

A cikin dogon lokaci, yanke huɗu mai yiwuwa shine mafita na wucin gadi. Haɓaka fasaha a masana'antar PV ba ta tsayawa, kuma sabbin tsarin sel ko hanyoyin tattarawa na iya fitowa wanda zai sa tambayar "nawa yanke" ta zama mara amfani.

Amma wannan lamari ne na gaba.

A cikin wannan taga na yanzu, yanke-hudu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Zuba jari yana iya sarrafawa, sakamako yana da sauri, baya kulle hanya, kuma yana magance matsalar da ke hannu.

A yanayin yau inda farashin module ya kasa da 1 yuan/W, fasahar da za ta iya haɓaka inganci da cin nasara a cikin tayi mafi sauri kuma mafi aminci ita ce fasaha mai kyau.

Babu buƙatar rushewa, babu buƙatar juyin juya hali.

Ya isa, yana da amfani, kuma a shirye yake don amfani a yanzu, hakan ya isa.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: Fasahar tantanin yanke-hudu a halin yanzu ita ce hanya mafi inganci, mai rahusa, kuma mai saurin aiki ga masu kera module don saduwa da ƙa'idodin inganci masu tasowa da kuma ci gaba da yin gasa a wasan tayi.