Gabatarwa

A cikin watanni shida da suka gabata, kalma ɗaya ta fara bayyana akai-akai a cikin da'irar PV: tantanin halitta mai yanke hudu.

Tongwei, JinkoSolar, Trina, Chint... gungun manyan ƙwararrun PV sun saka hannun jari tare. Sabbin samfura suna fitowa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma rikodin ingancin kayan aiki ana karya su akai-akai.

Wasu suna kiranta "juyin juya halin fasaha," wasu kuma suna cewa kawai "tsawaita halitta na rabin-tantacce." Menene gaskiya? Me yasa manyan 'yan wasa ke yin caca da wannan fasaha tare? Yau bari mu fayyace komai.

Ka'ida: Me yasa Yanke Tantacce Yake da Muhimmanci

Kafin magana akan tantacce hudu da aka yanke, akwai tambaya mai mahimmanci wacce ta cancanci kashe mintuna biyu.

Mutane da yawa suna tunanin manufar yanke tantacce shine "inganta aiki." A taƙaice, wannan magana ba daidai ba ce.

Yanke baya inganta aikin tantacce, yana inganta ƙarfin da aka tattara na na'urar.

Aikin tantacce shine al'amarin tantacce kanta. Ko ka yanke shi ko ba ka yanke, aikin tantacce guda baya canzawa. Amma da zarar an yanke shi kanana, wutar lantarki ta zama karami, kuma asarar juriya na wutar akan busbars da ribbons tana raguwa. Wannan makamashin da aka ajiye a ƙarshe yana bayyana a matsayin karuwa a ƙarfin fitarwa na na'urar.

Dokar Joule, kimiyyar lissafi na junior-high: asara = I²R. Raba wutar rabi, asara ta zama kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu.

Dalilin da yasa fasahar rabin-yanke ta zama tartsatsi a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata ya ta'allaka ne ga wannan lissafi mai sauƙi.

Four-cut wani tsawo ne na wannan tunani: a sake yanke halin yanzu rabin, kuma asarar ta sake raguwa zuwa kwata. Haɓaka module daga half-cut zuwa four-cut yana ba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki kusan 10-20W, wanda yayi daidai da haɓaka inganci na maki 0.3-0.5 bisa ɗari.

Wannan ba zai yi kama da yawa ba. Amma a yanayin farashin yau, wannan maki 0.3 bisa ɗari na iya zama bambanci tsakanin cin nasara ko a'a.

Me yasa Yanzu? Abubuwan Tafiyar da Kasuwa

Ƙa'idar fasaha na four-cut cells ba sabon abu ba ne, mutane suna tattaunawa akalla shekaru biyar da suka wuce. Amma ainihin samarwa da yawa ya faru ne kawai a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.

Me yasa?

Saboda yanayin buƙata ya canza.

Canji na farko shine manufa. A ranar 15 ga Yuni, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta China ta fitar da ma'aunin ƙima da rarrabuwa na PV modules, wanda ya raba su zuwa matakai huɗu ta hanyar ingancin juyawa, tare da mafi ƙarancin matakin da aka saita a 23.4%. Ko da yake a matsayin ma'aunin shawara, siyan kamfanonin jihar zai fi yiwu ya yi amfani da shi kai tsaye. Ga masu yin module, wannan ba tambaya ce ta "ko za a yi ba," tambaya ce ta "yi shi ko a kawar da shi."

Za a iya sake gyara yanke-hudu a kan layukan samarwa da ake da su, tare da gajerun zagaye, ƙarancin jari, da sakamako mai sauri. Wannan shine farkon abin da ke haifar da bunkasar yanke-hudu: ita ce hanya mafi sauri don cika ma'aunin inganci a kan layukan da ake da su.

Canji na biyu shine yanayin gasa. Fasahar TOPCon tana ƙara zama iri ɗaya, kuma tazarar ingancin tantanin halitta tsakanin 'yan wasa ta ragu zuwa cikin maki 0.2 bisa ɗari. A wannan yanayin, inganta marufi a ƙarshen tsarin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wuraren da suka rage don samar da bambanci.

A wasu kalmomi, damar matse ruwa a ƙarshen tantanin halitta ta kusan ƙarewa, kuma yanzu lokacin ƙarshen tsarin ne.

Babban Kalubale: Kariyar Gefen da Samun Amfanin

Wato, yanke-hudu ba kawai yanke ba ne kuma a gama.

Bayan an yanke tantanin halitta zuwa guda huɗu, yankin lalacewar gefen yanke ya ninka na fasahar rabin-yanke. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, wannan lalacewa tana haifar da sake haɗuwa mai tsanani, wanda a zahiri yana rage inganci, tantanin da aka yanke zai iya zama mafi muni fiye da wanda ba a yanke ba.

Don haka wahalar tsari na yanke-hudu ba shine "yanke" ba, amma kariyar gefen bayan haka.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na yau da kullun a yau: Tongwei na amfani da fasahar TPE edge passivation da ta kirkira, wanda bisa ga bayanan jama'a yana aiki da kyau. Sauran manyan 'yan wasa kowannensu yana da nasa hanyoyin, amma 'yan bayanai ne kawai aka bayyana a fili.

Edge passivation yana kama da jimla ɗaya, amma yin shi aiki ne na injiniyan tsarin. Zaɓin kayan passivation layer, sarrafa kauri, daidaito, dacewa da matakan packaging na gaba... kowane mataki yana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kamfanonin da suka iya samar da four-cut da yawa har yanzu suna tattare a tsakanin 'yan jagora.

Wani al'amari na aiki shine yawan amfanin ƙasa. Mafi kyawun yanke, mafi girman haɗarin ɓarna. Wani abokina a masana'antar module ya gaya mani cewa yawan ɓarna na four-cut ya fi half-cut da kashi 2-3 bisa dari, wanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye kan farashi.

Yawan wuraren solder kuma matsala ce. Module na four-cut yana da ninki biyu na wuraren solder na half-cut kuma ninki huɗu na cikakken cell. Kowane wurin solder yana da yuwuwar gazawa. Ko zai iya jure gwajin dogon lokaci na shekaru 25 na garanti, a gaskiya, babu isasshen bayanan aiki na ainihi don amsa wannan tambaya.

Abin da Manyan 'Yan Wasa Suke Yi

Menene manyan kamfanonin PV suke yi? Dangane da bayanan jama'a da ake da su a halin yanzu:

Tongwei yana tafiya da ƙarfi sosai. Jerin TNC 3.0 nasa yana amfani da hanyar yanke huɗu, tare da iyakar wutar lantarki ta kai 770W da inganci na 24.8%, yana sanya shi a matakin farko a tsakanin samfuran da aka samar da yawa. Kariyar gefen yana amfani da fasahar TPE da suka ƙera da kansu.

Trina Solar's Vertex na ƙarni na 3 shima yana amfani da yanke huɗu, tare da wutar lantarki ta kai matakin 760W. Trina ta daɗe tana da zurfin tarin ilimi a fannin tattara kayayyakin module, kuma a wannan karon ta fito da dukkan kayan aikinta.

Jinko's Tiger Neo 3.0 shima ya bi hanyar yanke huɗu, a 670W. Dabarar Jinko ta kasance mai tsayayye, ba ta neman matsananciyar sigogi ba amma tana daraja daidaiton samar da yawa.

Hanyar LONGi ta bambanta. Maimakon tara yanke huɗu a kan TOPCon, LONGi kai tsaye ya bi hanyar BC, yana amfani da ingantaccen fasahar tuntuɓar baya don magance matsalar. Modules na BC suna kai 680W a samar da yawa, tare da burin jigilar kayayyaki na 2026 wanda ya wuce 50GW. Wannan wani tsari ne na daban, ainihin yin caca akan fa'idar tsarar fasahar hanyar tantanin halitta.

Chint New Energy's ASTRON 7 Pro shima yana amfani da hanyar yanke huɗu, a 670W.

Daga waɗannan samfuran za ku iya ganin bambanci mai ban sha'awa: yawancin kamfanoni suna zaɓar tara yanke-hudu akan layukan TOPCon na yanzu don 'tsawaita rayuwarsu,' yayin da LONGi ke zaɓar tsallake wannan mataki kuma ya yi fare kai tsaye akan BC. Wace dabara ce ta ƙarshe ta yi nasara, da wuri don yanke hukunci.

Fa'idodin Gaskiya ga Masu Mallakar Tashar Wutar Lantarki

Ga masu saka hannun jari da masu mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, samfuran yanke-hudu suna ba da fa'idodi biyu masu amfani.

Na farko, mafi kyawun aiki a cikin haske mara ƙarfi. Samfuran yanke-hudu suna da ƙarancin aiki na yanzu, don haka a yanayin haske mara ƙarfi kamar safiya, maraice, ranaku masu gajimare, da hunturu, asarar samarwa ta yi ƙanƙanta. Kada ku raina wannan bambanci, idan aka canza shi zuwa ribar samarwa ta shekara, tasirin kan dawo da jari yana da gaske.

Na biyu, juriya mai ƙarfi ga inuwa. Da'irar ciki na samfurin yanke-hudu an raba shi zuwa ƙananan igiyoyi, don haka idan an rufe shi da wani ɓangare (inuwar bishiya, najasar tsuntsaye, tara ƙura), tasirin kan fitowar duka samfurin ya yi ƙanƙanta. Wannan yana da ma'ana musamman ga yanayin rufin da aka rarraba, inda yanayin inuwa a kan rufin yakan zama mai rikitarwa.

Tabbas, cinikin shine farashin module mai ɗan girma. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da ribar samar da wutar lantarki daga ingantaccen aiki, yiwuwar farashin wutar lantarki (LCOE) ya fi kyau.

Hangen nesa: Zaɓi Mai Ma'ana don Taga na Yanzu

Ga wasu hukunce-hukuncen sirri, don tunani.

A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yanke huɗu zai zama motsi na yau da kullun ga ƙungiyar TOPCon. Tare da ma'aunin matsayin ingancin Ma'aikatar, babu haɓakawa yana nufin babu cancantar yin takara, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuntatawa. Ana sa ran daga rabin na biyu na 2026 zuwa 2027, manyan kamfanoni na TOPCon za su kammala haɓaka yanke huɗu.

A cikin matsakaicin lokaci, yayin da matakai suka balaga kuma samarwa ya inganta, ƙarin farashin yanke huɗu zai ragu a hankali. Zuwa 2027-2028, tazarar farashi tsakanin yanke huɗu da waɗanda ba yanke huɗu ba na iya raguwa zuwa matakin da ba a kula da shi ba. A wannan lokacin zai canza daga "zaɓi mai ƙima" na yau zuwa "tsari na asali."

A cikin dogon lokaci, yanke huɗu yana da yuwuwar zama mafita na wucin gadi. Haɓaka fasaha a masana'antar PV ba ta tsayawa, kuma sabbin tsarin sel ko hanyoyin tattarawa na iya fitowa wanda zai sa tambayar "nawa yanke" ta zama mara amfani.

Amma wannan lamari ne na gaba.

A cikin wannan taga na yanzu, yanke-hudu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi mai amfani. Zuba jari yana iya sarrafawa, sakamako yana da sauri, baya kulle hanya, kuma yana magance matsalar da ke hannu.

A yanayin yau inda farashin module ya kasa da 1 yuan/W, fasahar da za ta iya ɗaga inganci da cin nasara a cikin tayi mafi sauri kuma mafi aminci ita ce fasaha mai kyau.

Babu buƙatar rushewa, babu buƙatar juyin juya hali.

Ya isa, yana da amfani, kuma yana shirye don amfani a yanzu, hakan ya isa.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: Fasahar tantanin yanke-hudu a halin yanzu ita ce hanya mafi amfani, mai rahusa, kuma mai saurin aiki ga masu kera module don saduwa da ƙa'idodin inganci masu tasowa da kuma ci gaba da yin gasa a wasan tayi.