Hanyoyin Katantanwa a kan Faifan Rana: Dalilai da Rigakafi
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Hanyoyin Katantanwa a kan Faifan Rana: Dalilai da Rigakafi
A grey or yellow-brown line appears along a cell crack months after installation, and the module gets blamed. Snail trails are usually cosmetic. The crack underneath is not. On a module line, the crack is the part you control.
PV Module Manufacturing · Module Reliability & Inspection · by Jerry, Ooitech
1. What a Snail Trail Is, and What It Is Not
Wani hanya na katantanwa, wanda kuma ake kira waƙar katantanwa ko alamar tsutsa, wani launin toka ne, rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko duhu a gaban wani module na silikon-crystalline. Yawanci yana bin yatsan grid na azurfa, gefen tantanin halitta, ko hanyar tsagewar tantanin halitta. Wannan tsarin na ƙarshe shine inda sunan ya fito: canjin launi yana bin diddigin tsagewar kamar yadda hanya ke ratsa gilashi.
IEA PVPS, shirin haɗin gwiwa na ƙasa da ƙasa kan tsarin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, yana bayyana waƙar katantanwa a matsayin canjin launi na ƙarfe na gaba kuma yana ba da rahoton cewa yawanci yana bayyana kusan watanni uku zuwa shekara ɗaya bayan shigarwa. Lokacin yana bambanta da ƙirar module da yanayin aiki, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa shigarwa biyu masu kama da juna zasu iya bambanta.
Bambanci da ke yanke hukunci mafi yawan gardama na kasuwanci shine wannan: waƙar da ake gani da lahani na lantarki da ke ƙarƙashinta ba abu ɗaya ba ne. Jagorar IEA PVPS na yanzu ta bayyana cewa waƙoƙin katantanwa da kansu ba su da wani tasiri kai tsaye da aka tabbatar akan aikin module. Abin da zai iya rage fitarwa ko haifar da dumama mara kyau shine yanayin da ke da alaƙa: tsagewar tantanin halitta da ke raba yanki mai aiki, yatsan grid da ya lalace, haɗin haɗi mara kyau, ko rashin daidaituwar halin yanzu a cikin wani ɓangaren substring.
Hoto na 1: Tashar binciken EL ta layi akan layin module. Mai saka idanu yana nuna hoton electroluminescence, inda tsagewa ke bayyana a matsayin layi mai duhu. Hanya ta katantanwa da ake gani a fili sau da yawa tana bin wannan layin daidai.
| Hanya ta katantanwa ita ce | Hanya ta katantanwa ba ita ce ba |
|---|---|
| Canza launin ƙarfe na gaba, wanda ake iya gani da ido | Tabbacin cewa module ɗin ya rasa wuta |
| Tsarin da yawanci ke bin tsagewa, gefen tantanin halitta ko yatsan grid | Tabbacin cewa an yi tsagewar a layin samar da ku |
| Shaida cewa hanya da sinadari duk sun kasance | Irin gazawar da PID, LID ko LeTID suke yi |
| Yawanci jinkirin haɓakawa kuma yawanci tsayayye da zarar an kafa shi | Dalilin ƙin jigilar kaya kai tsaye |
2. Yadda Alamar Snail Trail Ke Samuwa: Tsagewa, Sinadarai da Jigilar Abu
Babu wani dalili ɗaya da ke haifar da snail trail. Shaidar da aka wallafa tana nuni ga haɗin gwiwa, kuma dole yanayi uku su haɗu kafin wani abu ya bayyana.
| Yanayi | Abin da yake nufi a kan module | Abin da za ku iya tasiri a kai |
|---|---|---|
| Hanya | Tsagewar ƙarama, gefen tantanin, ko rata tsakanin tantanin da ke barin nau'ikan abubuwa su matsa tare da ƙarfen da aka lulluɓe | Yadda ake riƙe tantanin, yankewa, ɗaurewa, shimfiɗawa, lamination da nauyin firam |
| Sinadari | Ƙarfen azurfa da ke amsawa da nau'ikan abubuwa masu amsawa don samar da haɗaɗɗun azurfa masu canjin launi | Ƙirar encapsulant da backsheet, da abubuwan da ake ƙarawa |
| Jigilar abu | Gas da samfuran da ba su da ƙarfi da ke ratsa cikin yaduddukan polymer, da UV da zafin jiki da ke haifar da martani | Kaddarorin shinge na laminate da lissafin kayan a matsayin tsari |
Shaidar sinadarai ta fi bayani na yau da kullum takamaiman. Binciken microscopy da sinadarai sun danganta canjin launi na snail-trail da canje-canje a tsarin ƙarfe na azurfa. Meyer da abokan aiki sun gano nanoparticles na azurfa a cikin encapsulant kai tsaye sama da yatsun grid da abin ya shafa. Peng da abokan aiki sun gano nanoparticles na carbonate na azurfa a kan grid ɗin azurfa da launinsu ya canza. Wasu bincike sun ba da rahoton acetate na azurfa, phosphate na azurfa, carbonate na azurfa da sulfide na azurfa a kan modules da aka fallasa a fili. Fan da abokan aiki sun gano acetate na azurfa kuma sun ba da shawara kan wata hanya da ta shafi grid ɗin azurfa, oxygen da acetic acid kusa da microcrack.
Waɗannan binciken ba su haɗa zuwa wata hanya ɗaya ta duniya ba, kuma hakan yana da muhimmanci ga yadda kuke ƙayyade kayan. Kalmar "snail trail" tana bayyana canjin launi mai kama da juna wanda fiye da mu'amalar kayan ɗaya za ta iya haifarwa.
Wani sakamako musamman ya kamata ya canza yadda kuke karanta iƙirarin masu kaya. Fan da abokan aiki sun yi ƙirar tsarin kuma sun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gaggawa. A cikin sakamakonsu, microcrack tare da gibin tantanin halitta ya zama hanyar jigilar kaya. Isar da iskar oxygen ta bayan takardar yana da muhimmin tasiri a kan samuwar sinadarin azurfa-acetate. A cikin kewayon isar da tururin ruwa da aka bincika a wannan binciken, isar da tururin ruwa ba a gano cewa yana sarrafa samuwar hanyar katantanwa ba. Ba a gano cewa yana sarrafa samuwar hanyar katantanwa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa maganar gama gari "shigar danshi yana haifar da hanyoyin katantanwa" ba ta cika ba. Danshi yana taimakawa wajen lalata, lalacewar encapsulant da rabuwa, kuma ya kasance ainihin damuwa ta aminci. Amma daidaito tsakanin danshi, iskar oxygen, acetic acid, abubuwan da ake ƙarawa da hanyoyin jigilar kaya ya dogara da takamaiman lissafin kayan aiki. Mai kaya da ya amsa tambayar hanyar katantanwa da adadin isar da tururin ruwa kawai ya amsa wata tambaya daban.
3. Hanyar Katantanwa, PID da LID: Hanyoyin Tsufa Uku, Sassan Uku
3. Snail Trail, PID and LID: Three Aging Modes, Three Clauses
Waɗannan kalmomi uku suna haɗuwa a cikin takardun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma haɗuwar tana da tsada. Suna da direbobi daban-daban, shaidu daban-daban, da sassan gwaji daban-daban. Rubuta wata jumla ta gama gari "babu lalacewa" ba ta rufe ɗayansu yadda ya kamata.
| Hanyar katantanwa | PID | LID / LeTID | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Babban direba | Hanya da sinadarai na azurfa, tare da jigilar oxygen, UV da zafin jiki | Wutar lantarki ta tsarin haɗe da danshi da zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da ƙaura na ion da shunting | Kinetics na silicon mai yawa da lahani masu alaƙa da hydrogen a ƙarƙashin haske da zafi |
| Yadda yake bayyana | Canjin launi da ake gani bayan tsagewa, yatsan grid ko gefen tantanin halitta | Asarar wuta da shunting, galibi ana nauyi zuwa gefen tantanin halitta kusa da firam | Asarar wuta ba tare da wani tsari na gani na musamman ba |
| A cikin hoton EL | Sau da yawa yakan zo daidai da tsagewa; yankuna marasa aiki inda tsagewar ta raba yankin aiki | Duhu, galibi yankuna masu nauyin gefe da ke shafar tantanin halitta da yawa | Rashin haske a hankali maimakon wani tsari guda ɗaya |
| Shaida da za a nema | Rikodin gani da hoton EL da kuma lanƙwan I-V a kan ma'auni | Bayanan gwajin zafi-danshi da matsin wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin IEC TS 62804 | Auna jikewa cikin haske da ajiya cikin duhu akan nau'in tantanin da kake saya |
Musamman ga LID da LeTID, halin ya dogara da fasahar tantanin kuma ba za a iya canja shi daga wani nau'in tantanin zuwa wani ba. Auninmu kan tantanin n-type na baya-baya ya haɗa ƙimar zafin jiki na tsayayyen yanayi, yanayin LeTID da ɗigowar duhu tare, kuma ƙarshen an iyakance shi a fili ga tantanin da aka auna maimakon ga dangin fasahar. Idan ka sayi wani tantanin daban, kana buƙatar bayanan wannan tantanin. Mun yi bayani dalla-dalla kan hanyar aunawa a cikin nazarin lalacewar zafin jiki da LeTID kan tantanin n-type na baya-baya.
Ga PID, ana yawan ambaton aikin rigakafin lalacewa na encapsulant a kan IEC TS 62804, kuma kwatancen encapsulant a wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya lissafa wannan ma'auni ga kowane nau'in fim. Wannan shi ne wurin da ya dace a kafa maganar PID, domin gazawar tana faruwa ne sakamakon yanayin lantarki da danshi da encapsulant ɗin dole ya jure.
4. Inda Layin Ka Ke Ƙirƙirar Sharadi: Tsagewar Tantan
Hanyar katantanwa tana buƙatar hanya. A ɓangaren masana'anta, wannan hanyar ita ce tsagewa, kuma tsagewar tana fitowa daga jerin wurare kaɗan. IEA PVPS ta gano sarrafa tantan, yankewa, ɗaurewa, saida, shimfiɗawa, lamination, firam da matsi na inji na gida a matsayin hanyoyin da za su iya haifarwa, sannan ta ƙara marufi, jigilar kaya da shigarwa a matsayin manyan hanyoyin bayan samarwa.
Hoto na 2: Na'urar laminator na module tare da buɗe ɗakin. Lamination tana amfani da zafi da matsi ga dukan laminate, don haka duk wata tsagewa da ke akwai a lokacin shimfiɗawa ana ɗaukar ta zuwa cikin module ɗin da aka gama kuma ba a samun sauƙin cire ta.
Akwai alamun aiki guda biyu da suka cancanci kallo. Na farko, maimaita yanayin tsagewa a cikin modules da yawa yawanci yana nuna hanyar da ta shafi samarwa maimakon lalacewar kulawa ta kwatsam. Na biyu, bayyanar tsagewa ita kaɗai ba ta gano abin da ya haifar da ita ba, don haka tambayar da ta dace ba ita ce "akwai tsagewa" ba amma "a wane mataki ta bayyana".
Wannan tambayar ana iya amsawa idan ka duba a wurare fiye da ɗaya. Ooitech na gina binciken EL don wurare uku a kan layin, kuma bambance-bambancen ƙayyadaddun bayanai tsakanin su shine ke ba ka damar gano tsagewa maimakon kawai gano ta.
| Samfurin | Matsayi | Hoto | Girman module da aka rufe |
|---|---|---|---|
| OPT-M950B | A cikin layi, atomatik, kafin ko bayan shimfiɗawa | 8 kyamarori (4 EL + 4 VI); 0.5 mm/pixel EL, 0.1 mm/pixel VI; zagayen gwaji ≤20 s | Tsawon 1650-2500 mm, faɗin 992-1400 mm |
| OEL-CCD2400 | A waje da layi, rabin-atomatik, kafin ko bayan laminating | 6 × 4 MP (24 MP gabaɗaya), fallasa 1-60 s | Har zuwa 2600 × 1500 mm |
| OEL-S2400 | A waje da layi, rabin-atomatik, kafin ko bayan laminating | 2 kyamarori, 6000 × 4000, fallasa 1-60 s | Har zuwa 2500 × 1400 mm |
| OPT-S110H | Matakin igiya, kafin shimfiɗawa | Binciken igiyar tantanin halitta | Igiya, ba module ba |
5. Abin da EL Zai Iya da Ba Zai Iya Tabbatarwa Game da Wata Alama ba
Hoton electroluminescence ita ce hanya guda mafi bayar da bayanai don yanke shawara ko wata alama da ake gani ta yi daidai da tsagewa da kuma ko akwai yanki mara aiki na lantarki. Hakanan ita ce hanyar da aka fi amincewa da ita fiye da kima.
Hoton EL ba hoto ba ne da ke da wucewa ko faɗuwa ta atomatik. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake turawa gaba, hankalin kyamara, bayyanawa, mayar da hankali, hasken muhalli, zafin module da daidaita hoto duk suna canza yadda hoton yake kama. IEC TS 60904-13 ta bayyana yadda ya kamata a ɗauki da sarrafa hotunan EL, kuma tana ba da jagora don fassarar inganci. Wani yanki mai duhu na iya nuna tsagewa, lahani na haɗin gwiwa, shunting ko katsewar yatsa. Karanta shi daidai yana nufin sanya hoton EL kusa da hoton gani, ƙirar module da bayanan I-V.
Hoto na 3: Tashar EL ta offline tare da dandalin gilashi. Saboda ana loda module da hannu, tashar ba ta daure da lokacin takt na layi, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama wurin da ya dace don sake bincika module da ake zargi ko naúrar da aka dawo da ita.
| Hanya | Abin da take tabbatarwa | Babban iyaka |
|---|---|---|
| Binciken gani | Yana rubuta sawu, rabuwa, kumfa, yanayin bayan-shafi da alamun konewa | Ba zai iya nuna ko tsagewar ta ware yankin tantanin da ke aiki ba |
| Hoto na EL | Yana nuna tsagewa, yankunan da ba su aiki da katsewar yatsu | Kamanni ya dogara da wutar lantarki, kayan aiki, fallasa da sarrafawa |
| Auna I-V | Yana auna wuta, wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki, ma'aunin cikawa da canjin siffar lanƙwasa | Yana buƙatar ingantaccen bayanin hasken rana da zafin jiki tare da ingantaccen tushen kwatance |
| Hoton zafi na infrared | Yana gano yanayin zafi mara kyau na tantanin, substring, diode, kebul ko akwatin haɗin wuta | Ba ya bayyana siffar tsagewa ko sanadin sinadaran |
| Hasken UV | Yana bayyana tsufan polymer da alamun photobleaching a kusa da tsagewa da gefen tantanin halitta | Ba ma'aunin danshi ba ne kuma baya tabbatar da hanyar amsawa |
| Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje | Yana gano mahadi na azurfa, kayayyakin lalacewa da hadin polymer | Na iya zama mai lalacewa da tsada; bai dace da bincike na duk masana'anta ba |
Akwai iyaka biyu da suka cancanci furtawa a fili, domin su ne ke yanke shawarar abin da za ka iya alkawarta wa abokin ciniki. Hoton EL ba zai iya gani a bayan firam din aluminium ko karkashin akwatin hadin wutar ba, don haka duk abin da ke wadannan wuraren dole a duba shi kafin a yi firam. Kuma hoton EL bai ce komai game da sinadarin wata hanya ba; yana nuna sakamakon wutar lantarki, ba amsar da ta haifar da canjin launi ba.
Lokacin da tambaya ta sauya daga "akwai tsagewa" zuwa "nawa ne ya ci mu a wutar lantarki", EL ba shi ne kayan aiki daidai shi kadai ba. Auna I-V yana bayar da wannan lambar, kuma ya kamata a kwatanta sakamakon biyu bisa lambar barcode ta kowace module domin bayanan wutar lantarki na module daya da hoton module daya su kasance a hade. An bayyana hanyar aunawa a cikin yadda ake auna madaidaicin lankwasa I-V na module na hasken rana, kuma an rufe shawarwarin tsarin tashar a cikin Gwajin EL don fale-falen hasken rana: saitin ciki vs na waje.
6. Rage Haɗarin Snail-Trail a Kayan Aiki da Tsari
Idan ba za ka iya cire kowane tsagewa ba, mataki na gaba shine sinadarai. A nan ne zaɓin encapsulant da backsheet ke shiga tattaunawa, kuma a nan ne wasu da'awar gama gari ke buƙatar bayani.
Hoto 4: Fim ɗin encapsulant. Fim ɗin shine Layer ɗin da grid ɗin azurfa ke zaune a kansa, don haka tsarinsa da abubuwan da aka ƙara suna ƙayyade waɗanne nau'ikan sinadarai masu amsawa ke samuwa kusa da metallization.
A cikin modules na tushen EVA, lalacewa na iya haifar da acetic acid, kuma acetic acid na ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da ke da hannu a cikin samfuran amsawa masu ɗauke da azurfa. Canzawa zuwa encapsulant na tushen polyolefin na iya cire hanyar deacetylation na EVA zuwa acetic acid. Ba tabbacin gama gari ba ne game da canza launi: mannewa, abubuwan da aka ƙara, yanayin lamination, kwanciyar hankali na gani, kaddarorin lantarki da dacewar mu'amala na dogon lokaci har yanzu dole ne a tantance su a matsayin cikakken tsarin kayan aiki.
Kwatancen encapsulant da aka buga a wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya lissafa sigogin da suka dace da wannan shawarar, kuma sun cancanci karantawa a matsayin saiti.
| Parameter | Darajar a cikin kewayon fim | Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci ga hanyar |
|---|---|---|
| Adadin watsa tururin ruwa | Daga 5-10 g/m²/rana har zuwa 30-40 g/m²/rana (ASTM F1249), tare da fina-finai na tushen polyolefin a ƙarshen ƙasa | Yana sarrafa danshi da ke isa ga tantanin halitta da ƙarfe, ko da yake ba shi ne abin da aka gano yake sarrafa samuwar sinadarin azurfa-acetate ba |
| Haɗin da ba shi da acid | An bayyana shi ga fina-finai na polyolefin a cikin kwatancen | Yana kawar da hanyar deacetylation ta EVA da ke samar da acid acetic |
| Ayyukan anti-PID | An ambata kowane nau'in fim a kan IEC TS 62804 | Yana raba sashe na PID daga tattaunawar snail-trail, waɗanda su ne nau'ikan gazawa daban-daban |
| Zafin sarrafawa | 145-155 °C a cikin fina-finai da aka kwatanta (nazarin DSC) | Yana saita taga lamination, kuma taga da bai dace ba yana haifar da delamination da matsalolin mannewa na kansa |
| Ƙarfin cirewa zuwa gilashi | Sama da 90 zuwa sama da 120 N/cm dangane da fim (ISO 11339) | Rashin mannewa yana buɗe wuraren da jigilar kaya da lalata ke farawa |
Zaɓin backsheet ya cancanci kulawa iri ɗaya, kuma a nan shaidar tana da sauƙin ɓacewa. Aiki kan abubuwan da ake ƙarawa a cikin foil na polymer ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ake ƙarawa a cikin foil ɗin kanta na iya haifar da samuwar snail-trail, wanda ke nufin backsheet biyu masu kama da permeability na takardar bayanai na iya yin daban a filin. Bincika kawai babbar lambar shinge bai isa ba. Cikakken kwatancen nau'ikan fim, gami da ginshiƙan da ba su da acid da anti-PID, an bayyana su a cikin jagorarmu zuwa Fim ɗin encapsulant na EVA, POE da EPE don kera panel ɗin hasken rana.
Lamination yana tsakanin zaɓin kayan da tsagewar. Tsagewar da ke akwai a lokacin shimfiɗawa ana ɗauke ta zuwa cikin laminate ɗin da aka gama, kuma tsarin lamination da ba ya cikin taga yana ƙara nasa lahani, gami da kumfa, delamination da tsallewar firam. Waɗannan nau'ikan gazawa ne daban-daban masu dalilai daban-daban, kuma an rufe su a cikin yadda za a zaɓi injin lamination na module ɗin hasken rana da ya dace kuma a cikin ainihin musabbabin kumfa a cikin na'urar hasken rana.
7. Tambayoyi da ake yawan yi
Shin hanyoyin katantanwa suna rage ƙarfin fitar da wutar lantarki na panel ɗin hasken rana?
Canjin launin da ake gani da kansa ba shi da wani tasiri kai tsaye da aka tabbatar a kan aikin module. Haɗarin yana zuwa daga abin da sawun yake bi. Idan tsagewar da ke ƙasa ta raba yankin aiki na tantanin, ta katse yatsun grid, ko ta haifar da rashin daidaituwar wutar lantarki a cikin wani ɓangaren, fitarwa na iya raguwa. Wani bincike da ake yawan ambata ya kwatanta modules masu ganuwar sawu da tsaftataccen modules na tunani. Modules huɗu da aka zaɓa sun samar da kusan 68% zuwa 88% na fitarwar makamashin tunani. Marubutan sun danganta wannan rashi ga ƙananan tsagewa da lalacewar yankunan tantanin maimakon canjin launin. Waɗannan modules huɗu ba samfurin bazuwar ba ne, don haka bai kamata a ɗauki kewayon a matsayin na yau da kullum ba. Amsar da za a dogara da ita kawai ga wani module na musamman ita ce auna I-V a kan ma'auni.
Menene ainihin ke haifar da sawun katantanwa?
Haɗin gwiwa ne, ba dalili ɗaya ba. Ayyukan da aka buga suna nuna yanayi uku da suka haɗu: hanya kamar ƙaramin tsagewa ko gefen tantanin, sinadarai da suka haɗa da azurfar lantarki da abubuwa masu amsawa, da jigilar iskar oxygen da kayayyakin da suke ƙafewa ta cikin yaduddukan polymer. UV da zafin jiki suna motsa martanin. An gano mahaɗan azurfa daban-daban a kan modules da abin ya shafa, ciki har da silver acetate, silver carbonate, silver phosphate da silver sulfide, wanda ke nuna fiye da hanya ɗaya ta sinadarai tana samar da kamanni iri ɗaya.
Shin shigar danshi ne ke haddasa shi?
Ba shi kadai ba, kuma a nan ne bayanin da ya shahara ya wuce gona da iri. A cikin yin samfuri da gwaje-gwajen gaggawa da suka gano sinadarin azurfa acetate, isar da iskar oxygen ta bayan takardar yana da muhimmin tasiri wajen samuwar, yayin da ba a gano isar da tururin ruwa yana sarrafa shi ba a cikin iyakar da aka bincika. Danshi har yanzu yana da muhimmanci ga lalata, lalacewar encapsulant da rabuwa. Amma idan mai kaya ya amsa damuwarka game da snail-trail da adadin isar da tururin ruwa kawai, amsar ba ta cika ba.
Har yaushe bayan shigarwa ne snail trails ke bayyana?
IEA PVPS ta ruwaito cewa snail track yakan fara bayyana kusan watanni uku zuwa shekara daya bayan shigarwa. Lokacin ya dogara da tsarin module da yanayin aiki. Wannan jinkirin shi ne dalilin da yake sa sharuddan karba bisa kamanni ke haifar da sabani: yanayin yakan tasowa bayan modules sun bar kofar masana'anta.
Shin snail trails iri daya ne da PID?
A'a. PID ana tafiyar da shi ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki na tsarin haɗe da danshi da zafin jiki, yana haifar da ƙaura na ion da shunting, kuma ana kimanta shi da gwajin damp-heat da matsin wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin IEC TS 62804. Snail trail yana da alaƙa da hanyar jiki da sinadarai na azurfa. Module na iya samun ɗaya ba tare da ɗayan ba. Ka ɗauke su a matsayin sashe biyu a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ba ɗaya ba.
Shin canzawa daga EVA zuwa POE zai hana snail trails?
Yana kawar da hanya ɗaya, saboda polyolefin encapsulants ba sa samar da acetic acid kamar yadda EVA zai iya. Ba tabbaci ba ne. Adhesion, additives, yanayin lamination, kwanciyar hankali na gani da jituwa na dogon lokaci tare da sassan da ke kusa suma suna shafar ko canjin launi zai bayyana. Ka kimanta laminate a matsayin tsari, kuma ka lura cewa an nuna additives a cikin foil na baya suna haifar da samuwar trail.
Za a iya cire ko gyara snail trails?
A'a. Canjin launi canji ne a cikin metallization da kuma a cikin encapsulant da ke samansa, kuma yana cikin laminate ɗin da aka rufe. Tsaftace gilashin ba ya shafar shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa rigakafi da gano da wuri sune kawai hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su, kuma dalilin da ya sa wurin da ya dace na sa baki shine tsagewar da ke kan layin ku, tun kafin kowane trail ya bayyana.
Shin zan ƙi jigilar kaya saboda hanyoyin katantanwa?
Ba a kan kamanni kawai ba, kuma ba tare da shaida ba. Nemi hoton EL na module ɗin da abin ya shafa da kuma lanƙwan I-V a kan bayanan filasha na masana'anta. Shawarar ya kamata ta dogara kan ko akwai yanki mara aiki na lantarki, karyewar yatsan grid ko kuskuren haɗin haɗi. Hanya da ba ta dace da wani rashin daidaituwa na lantarki ba bincike ne na kamanni; wanda ya dace da yankin tantanin da ya rabu bincike ne na aiki da garanti.
Ta yaya zan gano tsagewar da hanya za ta bi?
Da hoton EL a matakai fiye da ɗaya na samarwa. Tasha ɗaya a ƙarshen layin tana tabbatar da cewa akwai tsagewa amma ba za ta iya gaya muku ko injin ɗinka, matakin shimfiɗa ko matsin firam ɗin ne ya kawo ta ba. Bincike a matakin igiya kafin shimfiɗawa da bincike a matakin module bayan laminating suna gano matakin, wanda shine abin da ke ba ku damar gyara tsarin a tushensa.
Tunani na Ƙarshe
Ka ɗauki hanyoyin katantanwa a matsayin tambayoyi biyu, ba ɗaya ba. Hanyar ita ce sakamakon kayan aiki da sinadarai da kake tasiri ta hanyar encapsulant da tsarin backsheet. Tsagewar da hanyar ke bi sakamakon tsari ne da kake tasiri a kan layi, kuma shi ne ke ɗauke da haɗarin lantarki. Yanke shawarar ma'aunin karɓa naka dangane da hotunan EL da bayanan I-V a matakan samarwa da aka ambata, sannan ka nemi adadin isar da iskar oxygen tare da adadin isar da tururin ruwa lokacin da kake tantance laminate. Idan ka gaya mana girman module ɗinka, fasahar tantanin halitta da kuma inda kake son bincike ya tsaya, za mu ba da shawarar tsarin EL da takamaiman matakan bincike.
