Gabatarwar Samfur

A matsayin muhimmin kayan aiki a layin rufe PV module, laminator yana ɗaukar nauyin haɗa kayan da aka shimfida su zama guda ɗaya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki, vacuum da matsi da aka saita, yana danna da haɗa sel, busbars da finafinan encapsulant da aka shirya tare. Babban manufofin wannan tsari sun haɗa da:

• Cire iska: Tare da taimakon yanayin vacuum, duk iskar da ke tsakanin yadudduka ana cirewa sosai don hana kumfa na ciki da kuma rabuwa.

• Haɗa ta Narkewa: Zafi yana sa fim ɗin EVA (ko POE, da sauransu) ya narke ya gudana, yana sauƙaƙa fitar da iska.

• Aiwatar da Matsi: Yayin da fim ɗin yake narke, ana amfani da matsi iri ɗaya don cike gurbin da ke tsakanin sel, ribbons, gilashi da backsheet.

• Haɗaɗɗiya da Warkarwa: Tsayawa isasshen lokaci a babban zafin jiki yana sa EVA ta kammala haɗaɗɗiyar ta, ta samar da wani tsayayyen, bayyananne Layer mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin haɗi mai girma.

• Ƙirƙirar Haɗe: A ƙarshe, gilashi, sel, fim da backsheet suna haɗe sosai zuwa wani rufaffiyar, mai ƙarfi da juriya na yanayi PV module.

Ma'auni na Fasaha

Matsayin Mahimmanci na Laminator akan Layin Samarwa

Kafin duba lambobi, yana taimakawa fahimtar dalilin da yasa wannan tasha ke da mahimmanci. Ingancin lamination yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da dogon lokacin amincin module (juriyar PID, juriyar zafi, juriyar UV da ƙarfin injina) da rayuwar sabis na sama da shekaru 25. Hakanan zagayowar lamination yana da ɗan tsayi (yawanci mintuna 8-15 a kowane zagaye), don haka inganci da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin layin gaba ɗaya. Zuba jari na farko, amfani da makamashi na yau da kullun da kuma kulawa na lokaci-lokaci duk suna zama muhimmin ɓangare na farashin samar da module.

Fa'idodin Fasaha

Babban Tsarin Kayan Aiki da Ka'idar Aiki

Laminator yawanci yana haɗa tsarin tsarin da yawa waɗanda ke aiki tare:

• Tsarin Dumama: Yana ba da filin zafi mai iya sarrafawa don narkar da EVA da cimma haɗin giciye. Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da dumama mai (zagayawa mai zafi, zafin jiki daidai kuma tsayayye, babban daidaiton sarrafawa, tsarin ɗan rikitarwa) da dumama lantarki (dumama sauri, tsari mai sauƙi, daidaito yana buƙatar ingantawa). Dole ne daidaiton sarrafawa ya kasance mai girma (yawanci ±1-2°C), kuma daidaiton zafin jiki yana da babban tasiri akan ingancin lamination.

• Tsarin Vacuum: Yana gina da kuma kula da vacuum yayin lamination, yana fitar da iska tsakanin layukan da iskar gas da ke fitowa daga EVA mai narkewa. Yawanci yana ƙunshe da saitin famfon vacuum (kamar famfon Roots tare da rotary-vane ko busassun famfo), bututun vacuum, bawuloli da ma'aunin vacuum. Matsayin vacuum na ƙarshe (sau da yawa 40-100 Pa), saurin yin famfo da kwanciyar hankali na riƙe matsi duk suna da mahimmanci.

• Tsarin Matsi: Yana amfani da matsi iri ɗaya, mai iya sarrafawa akan tarin a ƙarƙashin vacuum don inganta gudana da cika EVA mai narkewa. Nau'in jakar iska / diaphragm ana amfani da shi sosai: ana cika iska mai matsi (ko nitrogen) a cikin jakar roba ko diaphragm silicone, yana watsa matsi ta hanyar kayan sassauƙa kamar farantin silicone, yana ba da daidaito mai kyau da daidaitawa ga kauri daban-daban. Maɓallan sigogi sune ƙimar matsi, saurin matsi, lokacin riƙewa da daidaiton matsi.

• Dakin da Babban Tsari: Yana samar da sarari da aka rufe don kiyaye yanayin vacuum da matsa lamba. Babban abin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu shine tsarin bene biyu da ɗakuna uku ko bene biyu da ɗakuna biyu. A cikin ƙirar ɗakuna uku, ɗaya ɗakin yana aiki a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da lokacin vacuum mai tsawo, yana mai da hankali kan cire kumfa; na biyu yana aiki da zafi mai yawa tare da matsa lamba kaɗan don tabbatar da cewa fim ɗin ya haɗu gaba ɗaya. Tsarin ya ƙunshi firam ɗin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, murfin sama mai ɗagawa, ɗakin ƙasa mai tsayayye, matattarar rufewa da rufi, tare da aikin rufewa a matsayin ma'auni na asali.

• Tsarin Isarwa: Yana ciyar da samfuran da za a matsa a cikin ɗakin kuma ya fitar da samfuran da aka gama. Ana amfani da isarwa ta hanyar roller ko chain-plate kuma dole ne ta haɗu da kyau tare da kayan aikin sama da ƙasa kamar rufe gefe da tsaftacewa.

• Tsarin Sarrafawa: Yana aiki azaman kwakwalwar kayan aiki, yana sarrafa dukkan zagayowar lamination (zafi, vacuum, matsa lamba, lokaci) daidai don aiki ta atomatik, saitin sigogi, rikodin bayanai da gano kuskure. Yana dogara ne akan PLC da HMI touchscreen, tare da manyan na'urori masu yuwuwar haɗa MES interface.

Matakan Tsarin Lamination na Yau da Kullun (Misalin Nau'in Jakar Iska)

1. Loda: An shigar da module da aka shimfida a cikin dakin farko da aka bude.

2. Rufe Murfi: Murfin sama ya sauko, ya rufe tare da dakin kasa kuma ya matse layin rufewa.

3. Tsotsa: Famfon tsotsa ya fara, yana fitar da iska daga dakin da sauri zuwa matakin tsotsa da aka saita (lokacin tsotsa na dakin 1 yawanci 300-400 s) kuma yana cire yawancin gas daga module.

4. Dumama & Narkewa: Dakin 1 yana rike da kimanin 110-120°C; module mai shigowa yana dumama a hankali kuma fim din yana narkewa (aiki tare da tsotsa).

5. Matsawa: Bayan tsotsa, jakar iska/diaphragm ta cika, tana matsa lamba daidai akan module mai narkewa ta farantin silicone. A karkashin matsin lamba da tsotsa, EVA tana gudana don cike guraben kuma ana fitar da kumfa.

6. Rike Matsi & Tsotsa: Ana kiyaye shi a zazzabi da aka saita, babban tsotsa da matsin lamba na wani lokaci (yawanci 300-400 s) don cire kumfa gaba daya.

7. Sakin Tsotsa & Matsi: Lokacin da lokaci ya ƙare, ana shigar da iska a hankali kuma a saki matsin jakar don hana nakasawa ko damuwa na ciki daga canjin matsin kwatsam.

8. Buɗe Murfi & Canjawa zuwa Chamber 2: Murfin ya tashi kuma an kai module zuwa chamber 2.

9. Aiki na Chamber 2: Saita a 140-150°C. Tunda an cire kumfa a chamber 1, lokacin vacuum yana da ɗan gajeren (kimanin 50-120 s) amma lokacin riƙewa yana da tsayi (kimanin 400-600 s) don tabbatar da cikakken haɗin gwiwa. Bayan sakin vacuum da buɗe murfi, module ya shiga chamber sanyaya (chamber 3).

10. Sanyaya: Ruwan sanyaya a cikin farantin gindi na chamber 3 yana rage module zuwa iyaka mai aminci (misali ƙasa da 50°C) don daidaita tsarin. Raka'o'in da ba su da chamber na uku galibi suna ƙara sanyaya iska a matsin yanayi.

11. Saukarwa: Murfin ya tashi kuma an aika module ɗin da aka haɗa zuwa mataki na gaba kamar yanke.

Aikace-aikacen Samfur

Maɓallan Sarrafa Ma'auni na Tsarin Lamination

Ana amfani da laminator a matsayin tashar rufewa ta tsakiya a kusan dukkan layukan siliki-crystalline da yawancin layukan thin-film, kuma samun daidaitattun sigogi shine abin da ke sa ta yi aiki a samarwa na gaske:

• Zazzabi: Dole ne ya dace da taga narkewa da crosslinking na EVA. Yayi yawa yana haifar da rawaya da delamination; kadan yana ba da crosslinking mara isa da haɗi mara kyau. Yawanci ana saita shi a 140-150°C (an daidaita shi ga nau'in EVA).

• Vacuum: Rashin isasshen vacuum na farko da na babba shine babban dalilin kumfa da delamination. Matsayin vacuum na babba sau da yawa yana buƙatar 40-100 Pa ko ƙasa.

• Matsi: Matsi kadan yana haifar da cikawa mara cika da haɗi mara ƙarfi; yayi yawa ko sauri na iya haifar da ƙananan tsagewar cell ko motsi.

• Lokaci: Lokacin vacuum, lokacin riƙe matsi/vacuum (curing) da lokacin sanyaya duk suna buƙatar sarrafawa daidai. Lokacin curing mara isa kai tsaye yana rage darajar crosslinking.

• Gudun Sanyaya: Sanyaya da sauri na iya haifar da tattara damuwa na ciki ko karkata.

Muhimman Abubuwan Kula da Kayan Aiki

Kula da kayan aiki akai-akai yana da mahimmanci don kare aiki da tsawon rayuwa:

• Binciken yau da kullum: Gwajin vacuum, matsa lamba da zafin jiki daidai, duba rufin, tsaftacewa da duba zane mai zafi da silicone sheet (nemo scratches da tsufa), shafawa da tsaftace tsarin jigilar kaya.

• Sabis na lokaci-lokaci: Canza man vacuum akai-akai, tsaftace ko maye gurbin matattarar vacuum, duba tsarin dumama (hanyar mai ko bututun dumama), daidaita na'urorin zafin jiki/matsa lamba/vacuum, duba haɗin wutar lantarki da tsaftace ɗakin sosai.

• Maye gurbin Silicone Sheet: Silicone sheet wani abu ne da ke lalacewa, yawanci ana maye gurbinsa bayan amfani 6000-8000 ko kuma idan ya sami scratches, ya taurare ko ya lalace, don kare daidaiton matsa lamba da ingancin saman module (ana kuma ba da shawarar maye gurbin lokacin canzawa tsakanin modules na gilashi biyu da gilashi ɗaya don guje wa dimples na baya).

Laminator ba shakka shine zuciyar kera PV module; aikin sa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin rufewa da dogon lokaci. Yayin da fasahar PV ke ci gaba zuwa mafi girman inganci, manyan girma, siraran sel da tsarin gilashi biyu, laminator yana fuskantar buƙatu mafi girma a daidaiton zafin jiki, aikin vacuum, daidaiton matsi, da sarrafa kai da hankali.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

A matsayin mai samar da layin samar da hasken rana na duniya, Ooitech ya yi imanin cewa laminator shine inda amincin module ke samun nasara ko asara: tare da siraran wafers da ƙirar gilashi biyu yanzu sun zama ruwan dare, tazarar tsakanin daidaiton zafin jiki mai kyau da mara kyau, kwanciyar hankali na vacuum da sarrafa matsi ya ragu sosai, kuma laminator mai ɗaki uku mai dacewa ba abu ne mai tsada ba amma buƙatu na asali. Daga gogewar mu na layin module na turnkey, mun gano cewa haɗa tsarin sarrafa PLC mai daidaitaccen tsari tare da kula da silicone-sheet da hatimi yana taimakawa wajen samun yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da neman saurin gudu kawai. Don ƙarin hotuna na ainihi daga masana'antar module na hasken rana, kuna marhabin da ku bi da biɗan tashar Ooitech YouTube a www.youtube.com/ooitech.