Muhawarar Rashin Azurfa Ta Koma

Sabon samfurin LONGi ya sake mayar da hankalin masana'antar photovoltaic zuwa ga ƙarfe na hasken rana. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin da ake kira "dajin fasaha," ACM ya fito a matsayin babban abin da aka mayar da hankali saboda yuwuwar sa na rage dogaro da azurfa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yawancin tattaunawar masana'antar sun ta'allaka ne akan zaɓi tsakanin fasahohin TOPCon, HJT, da BC. Ingantaccen canji, ƙarfin tsarin, da bifaciality sun mamaye babban mataki a ƙaddamar da samfur. Man azurfa ya kasance muhimmin abu na farashin hasken rana, amma da wuya ya sami irin wannan matakin kulawa.

Sauye-sauyen farashin azurfa a farkon shekara ya canza tattaunawar. Da zarar man azurfa ya ɗauki kaso mafi girma na farashin kera photovoltaic fiye da polysilicon, rage amfani da azurfa ya zama batu na dogon lokaci wanda masana'antar ba za ta iya gujewa ba.

Yayin da ƙarfin tantanin halitta N-type ke faɗaɗa, farashin man azurfa yana ƙara zama mai wuyar mantawa. Fasahar BC da HJT suna buƙatar ƙarin buƙatu akan metallization, yayin da hanyoyin rage azurfa na gargajiya suna gabatowa iyakokin tsarin su. Saboda haka, masana'antun sel sun fara sake tsara kayan grid, tsarin tuntuɓar, da tsarin haɗin kayan aikin.

Me yasa Masana'antar Photovoltaic ke Bukatar Rage Amfani da Azurfa?

Tsawon shekaru, an yarda da azurfa a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan aikin lantarki na photovoltaic.

Yana da kyakkyawan aikin wutar lantarki, buguwa, da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai. Hanyoyin buga allo, harbawa, da siyarwa da aka gina a kusa da manna azurfa an tabbatar da su ta hanyar samarwa na shekaru da yawa. Tunda ana sa ran kayan aikin photovoltaic suyi aiki a waje tsawon shekaru 25 zuwa 30, girman tsari yana da mahimmanci kamar aikin farko.

Matsalar ita ce girma da farashi.

Rage amfani da azurfa da milligrams kaɗan a kowace tantanin halitta na iya zama kamar ba shi da mahimmanci. Amma idan aka ninka wannan adadin da ɗaruruwan gigawatts na samarwa a shekara, tasirin kuɗi ya zama babba. Azurfa duka ce kayan masana'antu da kuma kadara ta kuɗi. Farashinta yana shafar samar da ma'adinai, buƙatar saka hannun jari, buƙatar kayan lantarki, da wasu abubuwa da yawa waɗanda masana'antun photovoltaic ba su da iko a kansu.

Azurfa kuma ana samar da ita ne a matsayin samfurin gefe na wasu ayyukan hakar ma'adinai. Ƙarancin samar da ita a shekara shine ɗayan dalilan da ya sa take riƙe matsayin ƙarfe mai daraja. Idan amfani da azurfa a kowace tantanin halitta bai canza ba, ci gaba da haɓaka samar da photovoltaic na iya haifar da yanayin da masana'antar ba za ta iya samun isasshen azurfa ba.

Tantanin halitta na TOPCon suna buƙatar ƙarfe a ɓangarorin biyu. Tsarin zafin jiki mara ƙarfi na HJT yana buƙatar nau'ikan manna na musamman. Tantanin halitta na BC suna matsar da dukkan na'urorin lantarki zuwa baya, yana sa tsarin na'urar lantarki ya fi rikitarwa. Ba za a iya kwatanta adadin amfani da azurfa na nau'ikan tantanin halitta daban-daban kai tsaye ba, don haka manufar masana'antar na 'cire azurfa' a zahiri ta ƙunshi matakan fasaha daban-daban guda uku:

• Ci gaba da amfani da azurfa: Ana amfani da yatsu masu kyau, yatsu masu kyau sosai, MBB, SMBB, da 0BB don rage amfani da azurfa.

• Azurfa mai rufe jan ƙarfe ko manna haɗin azurfa-jan ƙarfe: Jan ƙarfe yana yin mafi yawan aikin gudanarwa, yayin da saman azurfa ke inganta juriyar oxidation, sadarwar lantarki, da iya haɗawa.

• Manna jan ƙarfe ko haɗin jan ƙarfe: Jan ƙarfe yana maye gurbin mafi yawan manna azurfa na al'ada.

• Ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki: Ana kafa na'urorin jan ƙarfe kai tsaye a saman tantanin halitta, ba tare da buga manna azurfa na al'ada ba.

• Aluminum yana maye gurbin azurfa: Farashin kayan yana da rahusa, amma gudanarwar lantarki da aikin sadarwa suna da wuyar sarrafawa.

Daga gyare-gyare masu tsaka-tsaki zuwa canje-canjen tsari masu tsauri, kowace hanya tana ƙoƙarin amsa tambayoyi iri ɗaya: Nawa azurfa za a iya ceto? Nawa kayan aiki dole a gyara? Shin inganci zai ragu? Shin yawan samarwa zai kasance mai tsayayye? Kuma shin module zai yi aiki da aminci bayan shekaru 25?

Fasahohin Al'ada Suna Matsawa zuwa Ƙananan Amfani da Azurfa

A halin yanzu, mafi yawan hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce rage yawan man azurfa maimakon kawar da shi gaba ɗaya.

Yatsu masu kyau da na musamman suna rage faɗin layin grid yayin da suke kiyaye juriya na jerin. MBB da SMBB suna ƙara yawan busbars ko wayoyi masu haɗin kai, suna rage nisan gefen da wutar lantarki ke tafiya. 0BB yana cire busbars na al'ada kuma yana ba da damar wayoyi ko filayen haɗin kai su tattara wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga yatsu.

Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan sun dace da haɓaka layin samarwa a hankali. Masana'antun na iya ci gaba da amfani da kayan aikin buga allo da samar da kayayyaki, suna kiyaye haɗarin tsari a matsayin mai iya sarrafawa. Masu samar da TOPCon kamar JinkoSolar sun ci gaba da haɓaka 0BB, yayin da masu kera HJT sukan haɗa yatsu masu kyau, 0BB, da man azurfa mai rufe tagulla.

Azurfa mai rufe tagulla wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci.

Foda ta jan ƙarfe tana ɗaukar wutar lantarki, yayin da rufin azurfa ke kare jan ƙarfe kuma yana inganta aikin walda. Yayin da adadin jan ƙarfe ya ƙaru, amfani da azurfa a kowane layin grid yana raguwa a hankali. Huasun ta gabatar da manna jan ƙarfe mai rufin azurfa a cikin samar da HJT kuma tana ci gaba da haɓaka abubuwan da ke da adadin jan ƙarfe mafi girma. Masana'antun HJT kamar Risen Energy suma suna ci gaba da fasahar manna azurfa kaɗan.

Fa'idar wannan hanya ita ce tana buƙatar gyare-gyaren layin samarwa kaɗan kuma tana ba da hanya bayyananniya zuwa ƙananan farashin kayan aiki. Babban ƙalubalen sun haɗa da daidaiton rufi, yaduwar jan ƙarfe, kwanciyar hankalin ajiyar manna, iya bugawa, da amincin haɗin walda. Waɗannan matsalolin suna ƙara bayyana yayin da adadin azurfa ya ragu.

Hoto 1. Hoton microscope na lantarki mai launi na haɗin manna jan ƙarfe mai rufin azurfa

Akwai kuma rashin jituwa a cikin ƙungiyar masu amfani da azurfa kaɗan.

A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, JA Solar ta buga wani labari mai taken "Tabbatar da Abun Azurfa, JA Solar na Ci gaba da Bayar da Zabi Mai Dogaro." Ya yi jayayya cewa abun azurfa na wani module yana shafar ingancinsa na asali kuma ya bayyana karara cewa kamfanin zai ci gaba da amfani da manna azurfa. Matsayin JA Solar shine cewa layukan grid na azurfa sun riga sun wuce tabbatarwa na dogon lokaci, yayin da jan karfe da aluminum har yanzu suna fuskantar tambayoyin da ba a warware ba game da oxidation, lalata, da kwanciyar hankali na mu'amala.

Tongwei ya bayyana azurfa a matsayin "dutsen ballast" da ke tallafawa dogon lokaci dogaro na module. Trina Solar kuma ya ce rage azurfa wani bayyanannen yanayi ne, amma aiwatar da shi dole ne yayi la'akari da dawowar dogon lokaci na abokan ciniki. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan kamfanoni kuma suna haɓaka jan karfe mai rufin azurfa ko mafita na jan karfe mai tsabta. Halinsu game da tura aiki nan take na iya zama mai taka tsantsan, amma ba su bar bincike kan fasahohin da ba su da azurfa ba.

Iyakar dabarun rage amfani da azurfa a bayyane take. Ko da yadda amfani da azurfa ya ragu, masana'antar photovoltaic har yanzu tana da alaƙa da wani ƙarfe mai daraja kuma tana ci gaba da fuskantar sauye-sauyen farashin da ba za ta iya sarrafawa ba. Kamar TOPCon kanta, hanyoyin rage azurfa na yau da kullun na iya haifar da raguwar riba yayin da suke matsawa kusa da iyakar fasaha. A cikin kasuwa mai tsananin gasa, zaɓar hanya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wani lokaci ba game da fifiko ba ne, amma game da rayuwa.

ACM: Rikici ko Fasaha ta Canji?

Mako guda bayan ƙaddamar da LONGi, Tongwei ta buga wani labari mai taken "Filin Wuta marasa Azurfa: Tarko ko Gaskiya? Karanta Wannan Kafin Ka Yanke Shawara." Gargadin farko ya kasance kai tsaye: "Kada ka shigar da filin wuta marasa azurfa a hankali. Idan ba a fahimci waɗannan batutuwa uku a gaba ba, yana iya yin latti don yin nadama bayan shekaru uku zuwa biyar." Maganar ta nuna babban bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin fasaha na masana'antar.

Unlike the gradual reduction strategy favored by conventional manufacturers, BC companies are actively replacing traditional grid materials.

Azurfa da kanta tana da kyakkyawan aiki na wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, grid ɗin hasken rana suna amfani da manna azurfa maimakon azurfa zalla. Copper na iya samar da ingantaccen aiki fiye da manna azurfa mai ɗauke da gilashi da sauran abubuwan ƙari, yayin da farashinsa ya fi rahusa. Matsalar ita ce, shigar copper cikin wafer silicon na iya haifar da lahani mai zurfi da rage tsawon rayuwar masu ɗaukar ƙananan yawa. A lokacin aikin tsarin na dogon lokaci, copper dole ne ya jure oxidation, diffusion, zafi mai ɗumi, da tsufa na mu'amala. Magance waɗannan haɗarin yana buƙatar haɓaka haɗin gwiwa na yadudduka masu shinge, tsarin tuntuɓar, nau'ikan manna, tagogin harba, da tsarin rufewa.

Fasahar ACM ta LONGi tana ƙoƙarin magance waɗannan rikice-rikice ta hanyar tsarin nano-alloy da tsarin tuntuɓar matrix.

Bisa ga bayanan jama'a na LONGi, ACM sabon tsari ne na haɗin copper-alloy na ƙarni na gaba wanda aka haɓaka don sel masu tuntuɓar baya na HPBC da HIBC. Yana haɗa abubuwa uku: yadudduka na nano-scale, gudanar da copper-alloy, da tuntuɓar maki na matrix. LONGi ta bayyana cewa wannan tsari na iya inganta ingancin sel, rage yawan amfani da azurfa sosai, da ƙarfafa dogon lokaci na amincin tsarin ba tare da rage yawan samarwa ba.

Hoto 2. Taron ƙaddamar da fasahar tuntuɓar matrix na nano-alloy ACM ta LONGi

Daga ra'ayi na rarraba fasaha, ACM na cikin dangin manna na tushen jan ƙarfe ko haɗin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe. Yana riƙe da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da hanyoyin bugawa don haka ya fi dacewa da kayan aikin samar da tantanin halitta da ake da su. Ga masana'antun da ke aiki da yawan ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki, wannan dacewa tana da darajar aiki. Sabon abu zai iya haifar da fa'idodin farashi mai ma'ana ne kawai bayan ya shiga masana'antar samar da manyan abubuwa.

Sanarwar jama'a ta LONGi ta jaddada maye gurbin manna azurfa na al'ada da raguwar amfani da azurfa sosai. Duk da haka, ba ta bayyana cikakken haɗin gwal ko rabon kowane ƙarfe ba. Dangane da bayanan masana'antar da ake da su a halin yanzu, ACM yana amfani da tsarin haɗin jan ƙarfe mai rinjaye kuma yana iya riƙe ɗan ƙaramin adadin azurfa, mai yiwuwa a cikin iri ko Layer lamba. Don haka yana iya zama daidai don rarraba ACM a matsayin fasahar rage azurfa mai zurfi ko hanyar da ke kawar da manna azurfa na al'ada. Da'awar da ke bayyana shi a matsayin "jan ƙarfe mai tsabta" ko "babu azurfa kwata-kwata" na iya buƙatar bincike na kusa.

Ko da haka, masana'antar samar da hasken rana ta ƙarshe tana da alaƙa da adadin ƙarfe mai daraja da ake amfani da shi a kowace watt, raguwar farashin da aka samu, da ƙarin jarin kayan aiki. Idan amfani da azurfa ya faɗi sosai, ACM har yanzu yana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki ko da an rage ƙaramin azurfa a cikin tsarin alloy. A matsayin sabuwar fasaha da aka gabatar, aikin samar da yawa na gaske da sakamakon filin zai buƙaci lokaci don tabbatar da kansu.

Copper Electroplating: Ci gaban da aka Samu a Nesa daga Hasken Wuta

Bayan farin ciki game da sabbin abubuwan da aka gabatar, wani batu bai sami kulawa sosai ba: samfuran da ba su da azurfa gaba ɗaya bisa ga copper electroplating an riga an kai su kasuwa.

Aiko, wani kamfani da ke aiki akan fasahar BC, yana amfani da copper electroplating don ƙirƙirar lantarki na tantanin halitta. Tsarin gabaɗaya ya haɗa da zane, sanya wani Layer na iri ko shinge, plating na jan karfe, da kuma amfani da wani Layer na kariya na waje. Layer na iri yana kafa hanyar sadarwa ta lantarki kuma yana hana jan karfe shiga cikin silicon. Grid na jan karfe yana ba da wutar lantarki, yayin da Layer na ƙarfe na waje yana tallafawa juriya ga oxidation da haɗin kai.

Copper electroplating da ACM duk suna rage dogaro da manna azurfa, amma hanyoyin samar da su sun bambanta sosai.

ACM tana amfani da manna tushen jan ƙarfe, lambobin matrix, da hanyoyin da suka shafi bugu. Aiko tana ƙetare bugu na manna azurfa kuma tana girma na'urorin jan ƙarfe ta hanyar electroplating. Layukan grid na electroplated na iya samun babban rabo mai tsayi, yana ba su damar zama ƙunci da kauri. Wannan yana rage inuwa yayin da yake kiyaye isasshen sashin giciye na wutar lantarki.

Ba kamar ACM da na'urar ƙarfe ta azurfa ta al'ada ba, fasahar electroplating na jan ƙarfe ta Aiko baya buƙatar harba zafi mai zafi. Wannan yana rage lalacewar zafi ga wafer na silicon yayin aiki kuma yana iya ɗaga yuwuwar ingancin tantanin rana a kaikaice.

Matsalolin tsari kuma a bayyane suke. Electroplating na jan ƙarfe yana buƙatar ƙarin matakan samarwa, gami da zane, rufi, plating, tsaftacewa, da maganin ruwan sharar gida. Kudaden kayan aiki sun fi girma, akwai ƙarin wuraren sarrafa tsari, kuma yawan samarwa na iya zama da wahala a daidaita shi a lokacin farkon haɓaka.

Hoto 3. Kayan aikin electroplating na Ni/Cu/Ag na cikin layi don tantanan rana na silicon crystalline

Bisa ga lokacin da aka bayyana a fili, Aiko ta sanar da fasahar rufin ƙarfe mara azurfa a 2021. Aikin ABC na 6.5 GW a Zhuhai ya fara samarwa a cikin kwata na huɗu na 2022. Kamfanin ya ce, tun daga 2022, yawan samar da taro ta amfani da haɗin jan ƙarfe mara azurfa ya wuce 20 GW.

Ya bayyana cewa Aiko ya fara da wuri a kan hanyar zuwa ƙarfe mara azurfa.

Ga kasuwa, wannan farkon yana nufin cewa maganin Aiko ya riga ya bi ta hanyar saka hannun jari na kayan aiki, daidaita tsari, da tabbatar da aikin. Ko zai iya ƙetare fasahohin gasa a ƙarshe zai dogara da farashi a kowace watt, yawan samar da layin, rage darajar kayan aiki, da amincin dogon lokaci.

Ikon yin amfani da jan ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki don ci gaba da rage farashin masana'antu ya fi muhimmanci fiye da taken kasancewa na farko. Gudunmawar Aiko ga masana'antar ta keɓanta kuma ana iya aunawa: yin amfani da jan ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki ya shiga masana'antar gigawatt da isar da kasuwanci. Hanyar yanzu tana da ainihin bayanan samarwa da tushe mai amfani don ƙarin ci gaba.

Aiko ba ya amfani da ainihin maganin ƙarfe iri ɗaya a kowane tushe na masana'anta. Bayanan da ake samu sun nuna cewa tushen Zhuhai yana amfani da haɗin jan ƙarfe mara azurfa, yayin da tushen Yiwu a baya ya dogara da maganin ƙarancin azurfa. Kamfanin bai cimma cikakkiyar ɗaukar hoto ba tare da azurfa ba a duk yanayin samarwa. Misali, don aikace-aikacen ma'auni, ABC modules na iya amfani da mafi kyawun grid ɗin da ke ɗauke da azurfa don daidaita ƙirar metallization da bifaciality. Bayanan da ke akwai sun nuna cewa ABC modules da aka rage azurfa da aka samar a Yiwu base suna amfani da kusan 70% na azurfar da ake buƙata ta ƙirar al'ada kuma suna iya kaiwa bifaciality na 85%.

Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa ko da fasahar copper-electroplating da Aiko ta kafa a kasuwa tana da sarari don ingantawa. Wannan damar da ta rage ta yi daidai da yuwuwar rage farashi da inganta aiki na fasahar BC.

Ƙirƙirar Tsari Game da Metallization Ba tare da Azurfa ba

Tare da ACM, LONGi ta gabatar da 0BB, shingling, conductive backsheet, da hidden-busbar processes, tana gabatar da tsarin haɗin gwiwa a matsayin 'dajin fasaha.'

Idan aka ɗauki waɗannan hanyoyin daban, ba su bayyana a karon farko ba. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙarfin gabatarwar LONGi shine yadda ta tsara matakan tsari daban-daban a kusa da ACM kuma ta gabatar da su a matsayin cikakken tsarin. Wannan ya taimaka wajen ba da fifiko ga rawar haɗin kai a masana'antar photovoltaic.

Aiko a baya ya tattara wasu sabbin abubuwa iri-iri zuwa samfuran kasuwanci maimakon gabatar da su kawai a matsayin ra'ayoyin fasaha. Samfurin sa na uku na ABC "Full-Screen", wanda aka fitar a 2024, ya riga ya yi amfani da haɗin kai mai madaidaici, busbars ɓoye, da ƙirar 0BB. A SNEC 2026, kamfanin ya gabatar da samfurin ABC na huɗu, Full-Screen Ultra. Ta hanyar rage nisan creepage da ake buƙata, ƙirar ta ƙara rage yankin da ba ya samar da wutar lantarki da kashi 20%.

Hoto 4. Samfurin Aiko G4 Full-Screen Ultra da aka nuna a SNEC 2026

Hanyoyin fasaha daban-daban sun kai wani mataki na daidaituwa game da ƙara yankin samar da wutar lantarki na samfurin. Mataki na gaba na gasa har yanzu za a yanke shi a wurin masana'anta. Ƙimar wutar lantarki na samfurin gwaji na iya tashi da sauri idan an haɗa gyare-gyare da yawa. Samun samarwa mai girma da kuma wuce tabbacin kasuwa na dogon lokaci yana da wahala sosai. Duk samfuran BC da TOPCon har yanzu suna da dogon hanya a gaba.

Hankalin Ƙirƙira Shi Ne Mai Muhimmanci

Washegari bayan ƙaddamar da LONGi, farashin hannun jarin Aiko ya kai iyakar ciniki na yau da kullun kuma ya taimaka wajen haifar da farfaɗo mai faɗi a hannun jarin kayan aikin photovoltaic. Martanin ya zama batun tattaunawa a cikin masana'antar.

Babban jari na ɗan gajeren lokaci yakan yi ciniki da jigogi, tsammanin, da sassaucin ƙima, don haka bai kamata a ɗauki abubuwan biyu a matsayin alaƙar sanadi da sakamako kai tsaye ba. Ƙaddamar da LONGi ta ƙarfafa hankalin kasuwa kan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe, fasahar BC, da inganta tsarin samar da kayayyaki. Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Aiko, wadda ta fara amfani da fasahohin da suka dace a baya kuma ta nuna saurin canjin farashin hannun jari, ta zama abin koyi kai tsaye na kasuwa.

Babban dalili shi ne cewa tsammanin kasuwa game da zagayowar photovoltaic yana canzawa.

A yammacin ranar da LONGi ya fito, Aiko ya fitar da hasashen samun kudaden shiga na farkon rabin shekarar 2026. Kamfanin ya yi hasashen asarar da za ta shafi masu hannun jari na RMB miliyan 680 zuwa RMB miliyan 790. Cire harajin fitarwa, sauyin canjin kudi, da tanadin rashin aiki sun yi nauyi a kan alkaluman rabin shekara. Alamun mafi kyau sun fito ne daga aikin kwata-kwata: asarar da aka yi a kashi na biyu ta ragu idan aka kwatanta da kashi na farko, yayin da kudaden shiga na ABC module, rabon tallace-tallace na ketare, da ribar duk suka inganta.

Martanin kasuwa ya nuna cewa, aƙalla ga kamfanonin da ke kan gaba a fasaha, mataki mafi wahala ya wuce. Ko Aiko zai iya fita daga zagayowar farko kuma ya taimaka jagorantar farfadowar masana'antu gabaɗaya zai dogara da yawan jigilar ABC, ribar, amfani da ƙarfin aiki, da kuma tsabar kuɗin aiki.

A lokaci guda, matsin manufofin don kawar da ƙarfin wuce gona da iri yana ƙaruwa. Ƙa'idar ƙasa ta tilas mai taken "Mafi ƙarancin Ƙimar Ingantaccen Makamashi da Matsayin Ingantaccen Makamashi don Modules na Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic da Inverters," wanda aka fitar a watan Yuni, da canje-canjen manufofin da suka shafi cire harajin fitarwa na photovoltaic da tattara harajin amfani duk alamomi ne bayyanannu cewa yaƙin masana'antu da gasa mai lalata cikin gida yana ci gaba.

Yayin da yanayin waje ya kara tsananta, rage farashi, inganta inganci, da samun riba sun zama al'amuran rayuwa. Mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ko mai tayar da hankali, kowace hanya za ta fuskanci gwaji iri daya a karshe. Kamfanoni ne kawai da suka kafa fa'idar hadewa a farashin samarwa, ingancin samfur, da kirkirar fasaha za su iya ayyana mataki na gaba na masana'antar hasken rana.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Gasar ta gaskiya ba kawai azurfa da jan karfe ba ce. Tana nufin ko tsarin metallization zai iya hada karancin amfani da kayan aiki tare da yawan amfanin da ya dace, rage darajar kayan aiki, haɗin gwiwar module mai dogaro, da kuma ingantaccen aikin zafi da danshi. Manne jan karfe yana ba da saukin daidaitawa da layin samarwa, yayin da electroplating zai iya samar da grid masu kyau da girman rabo, amma yana buƙatar tsauraran matakai da sarrafa ruwan sharar gida. Hanyar da za ta yi nasara ita ce wacce za ta yi aiki akai-akai a ma'aunin gigawatt, ba wacce ke da mafi karfin da'awar ranar kaddamarwa ba.