Nazarin UVID na TOPCon Cell: Gwajin IV Ba Tare da Tuntuɓar Ba Yana Binciko Lalacewar Passivation da Asarar Inganci 6.72%
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
TOPCon Cell UVID da Gwajin IV mara Tuntuɓa
Tantanan hasken rana na TOPCon sun sami matsayi na jagora a kasuwar photovoltaic saboda ƙarfin kariyar samansu da lambobin zaɓin masu ɗaukar kaya. Aiki a waje, duk da haka, yana fallasa su ga lalacewa ta hanyar ultraviolet, ko UVID. A cikin wannan binciken, ingancin juyawa ya faɗi da 6.72% bayan fallasa UV60.
Ayyukan da suka gabata sau da yawa sun danganta UVID musamman ga manyan photons masu ƙarfi suna karya Si–H bonds da sakin hydrogen mai motsi. Bakan ultraviolet na hasken rana ya ƙunshi kewayon ƙarfin photon mai faɗi da yawa na 3.1–4.43 eV, don haka hulɗar sa da kayan saman fuska ba za a iya bayyana ta ta hanyar karyewar Si–H kadai ba. Tarin Al₂O₃/SiNₓ na gaba kuma yana nuna juriya mai rauni sosai ga UV fiye da tsarin baya.
Na'urar gwajin IV mara lamba ta Millennial Solar tana ba da gwaji mara lalacewa ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki ba kuma tare da saurin auna millisecond. Tana dacewa da ƙirar tantanin baya da mara busbar kuma tana iya samun ma'aunin IV, EQE da PL da yawa a cikin jerin gwaji ɗaya.
Wannan binciken ya yi amfani da lokacin tashi na biyu ion mass spectrometry, ko ToF-SIMS, tare da zurfin-profile X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ko XPS, don bin diddigin rarraba abubuwa da canje-canjen haɗin sinadarai a cikin yadudduka na Al₂O₃/SiNₓ kafin da bayan bayyanar UV60. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa karyewar N–H tana aiki a matsayin tushen hydrogen na biyu ban da karyewar Si–H. Bayyanar UV kuma tana lalata haɗin Al–O a cikin amorphous Al₂O₃, yana haifar da ɗimbin guraben oxygen. Haɗin hydrogen da oxygen yana ƙara haɗuwa da saman kuma yana ba da tushe mai haske don inganta amincin rufin.
Hanyar Gwaji
Millennial Solar
(a) Tsarin tsarin tantanin TOPCon; (b) samfurin tsarin gaba mai daidaitacce; (c) samfurin tsarin baya mai daidaitacce.
An shirya samfura biyu masu kama da juna. Tsarin gaba shine SiNₓ/Al₂O₃/n-Si/Al₂O₃/SiNₓ. Tsarin baya ya haɗa da SiOₓ/n⁺-poly-Si. An gudanar da tsufa na UV a matakin module ta amfani da tushen haske wanda UV-A ya mamaye tare da kusan 11% UV-B. Yanayin gwaji shine 60°C da 30% zafi.
| Abun gwaji | Yanayi ko tsari |
|---|---|
| Samfurin gaba mai kama | SiNₓ/Al₂O₃/n-Si/Al₂O₃/SiNₓ |
| Samfurin baya mai kama | Tsari mai ɗauke da SiOₓ/n⁺-poly-Si |
| Tushen UV | Galibi UV-A, tare da kusan 11% UV-B |
| Zazzabin gwaji | 60°C |
| Danshin yanayi | 30% |
| Matsakaicin adadin UV da aka ruwaito | 60 kWh·m⁻², wanda aka gano a matsayin UV60 |
| Hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun | ToF-SIMS da XPS mai zurfin bayani |
Hasken bakan na tushen hasken ultraviolet.
Juriya UV na Tsarin Gaba da Baya
Millennial Solar
Canje-canje a cikin samfuran gaba da baya masu daidaitawa yayin fallasa UV: (a) ingantaccen rayuwar mai ɗaukar kaya, τeff, a maida hankali na mai ɗaukar kaya na 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³; (b) ƙarfin buɗe kewaye mai nuni, iVoc; da (c) yawan halin yanzu na guda ɗaya, J₀.
Tsarin baya mai daidaitawa ya nuna ƙarancin lalacewa kawai bayan 60 kWh·m⁻² na fallasa UV. Layer poly-Si mai 120 nm ya sha kusan dukkanin hasken UV da ke faruwa kuma ya ba da kariya mai inganci ga ƙasan haɗin.
Tsarin gaba mai daidaitawa ya lalace sosai:
Ingantaccen rayuwar mai ɗaukar kaya, τeff, ya faɗi daga 2,895.6 μs zuwa 1,552.8 μs.
Ƙarfin buɗe kewaye mai nuni, iVoc, ya ragu daga 735.5 mV zuwa 715.2 mV.
J₀ na guda ɗaya ya ƙaru zuwa 18.4 fA·cm⁻², kusan sau uku na ƙimarsa ta farko.
Aikin kariya na Al₂O₃/SiNₓ ya lalace sosai.
Waɗannan sakamakon sun tabbatar da cewa gungun SiNₓ/Al₂O₃ na gaba ya fi saurin kamuwa da hasken ultraviolet fiye da tsarin SiOₓ/poly-Si na baya.
Juyin Halittar Sinadaran
Millennial Solar
Hotunan zurfin ToF-SIMS na (a) hydrogen da (b) oxygen a cikin samfuran gaba masu siffa mai kyau kafin da bayan fallasa UV60.
ToF-SIMS ya nuna karuwa a bayyane a yawan hydrogen bayan fallasa ultraviolet, musamman a cikin Layer SiNₓ. Binciken zurfin bayanan siginar XPS na N 1s ya gano cewa rabon haɗin N–H a mahadar SiNₓ/Al₂O₃ ya ragu daga 9.64% zuwa 5.97%. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa karyewar haɗin N–H wani muhimmin tushen hydrogen ne tare da karyewar haɗin Si–H.
Wasu daga cikin hydrogen da aka saki sun bazu zuwa saman SiNₓ kuma suka sake haɗuwa da silicon. Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da yasa rabon N–H na gida kusa da saman ya karu maimakon ci gaba da raguwa.
Juyin halittar oxygen shima yana da mahimmanci. Yawan oxygen a cikin Layer Al₂O₃ ya ragu kadan, yayin da ya karu a duka mahadar SiNₓ/Al₂O₃ da Al₂O₃/Si. Wannan rarraba yana nuna cewa oxygen da aka saki ta hanyar karyewar haɗin Al–O ya bazu daga fim ɗin Al₂O₃.
Ƙarfin haɗin Al–O a cikin lu'ulu'u mai kyau yana kusan 5.3 eV. Amorphous Al₂O₃ ya bambanta. Ƙananan ions aluminum da oxygen vacancies masu caji mara kyau na iya rage ƙarfin kunnawa don karya haɗin Al–O da ke kusa zuwa kusan 2.4 eV. Wani photon ultraviolet na 400 nm yana ɗauke da kusan 3.1 eV, wanda ya riga ya isa ya jawo wannan tsari.
N 1s depth-profile XPS spectra a wurare daban-daban na Al₂O₃/SiNₓ kafin da bayan bayyanar UV60, gami da haɗin N–Si da aka daidaita a 397.5 eV da haɗin N–H a 399.5 eV.
Sakamakon O 1s XPS ya nuna canji daga oxygen lattice, wanda aka gano a matsayin OI, zuwa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da oxygen-vacancy, wanda aka gano a matsayin OII. A cikin Al 2p spectra, rabon Al₂O₃ ya faɗi daga 69.99% zuwa 60.36%, yayin da Al–OH ya ƙaru daga 30.01% zuwa 39.64%.
Hotunan Si 2p sun kuma nuna karuwa a cikin Si²⁺ da raguwa a cikin manyan matakan oxidation na silicon. Electrons da aka saki yayin samuwar oxygen-vacancy sun rage silicon daga manyan matakan oxidation. Wadannan canje-canje masu daidaitawa a cikin haɗin oxygen, aluminum da silicon suna nuna lalacewa mai yawa ga fim ɗin Al₂O₃ maimakon wani nau'in halayen karya guda ɗaya.
Rashin Ayyukan Lantarki
Millennial Solar
EQE da lanƙwasa reflectance na TOPCon solar cell kafin da bayan bayyanar UV60.
Reflectance ta kasance kusan ba ta canza ba bayan bayyanar UV60. EQE ta nuna raguwa matsakaici a yankin gajeren zango kasa da 500 nm, wanda yayi daidai da sake haɗuwa mai ƙarfi a saman gaba.
Canji a cikin juriyar tuntuɓar gaba na TOPCon solar cell yayin bayyanar UV60.
Juriyar tuntuɓar gaba ta karu kusan layi daya tare da kashi na UV, ta kai 4.1 mΩ·cm², kusan 8.6 sau its initial value. The proposed mechanism is linked to mobile hydrogen and oxygen generated inside the passivation layers. These species diffuse toward the electrode interface and participate in oxidation-reduction reactions.
Hasken UV kuma yana iya canza kwayoyin ruwa a saman azurfa zuwa radicals hydroxyl. Tare, waɗannan halayen suna inganta lalata na'urar lantarki ta ƙarfe kuma suna ɗaga juriyar haɗuwa.
Rage aikin lantarki na tantanin rana na TOPCon yayin bayyanar UV60: (a) Voc; (b) Jsc; (c) FF; da (d) inganci.
Asarar lantarki ta ƙarshe an rarraba ta cikin sigogi da yawa:
Voc ya ragu da 3.46%, musamman saboda lalacewar kariyar fuska ta gaba da karuwar J₀.
FF ya ragu da 2.82%, musamman saboda hauhawar juriyar haɗuwa ta gaba.
Jsc ya ragu da 0.64% kawai, saboda asarar EQE ta iyakance ga yankin gajeren zango.
Ingancin juyawa ya ragu da 6.72% bayan bayyanar UV60.
Tsarin gaban SiNₓ/Al₂O₃ na tantanin rana TOPCon yana da ƙarancin juriya ga hasken ultraviolet fiye da tsarin baya. A ƙarƙashin hasken UV, haɗin Si–H da N–H suna karyewa suna sakin hydrogen mai motsi. Haɗin Al–O a cikin amorphous Al₂O₃ shima yana lalacewa, yana sakin oxygen kuma yana haifar da babban yawan guraben oxygen. A lokaci guda, Al₂O₃ yana canzawa zuwa Al–OH kuma rarraba yanayin oxidation na silicon yana canzawa.
Hanyoyin lalacewa masu alaƙa da hydrogen da oxygen suna aiki tare don ƙara haɗuwar saman. Ƙaruwar juriyar lamba ta gaba tana ƙara wani asarar lantarki daban, wanda ke haifar da auna 6.72% lalacewar inganci. Waɗannan binciken suna ba da amfani mai amfani don fahimtar TOPCon UVID da inganta dogon lokaci na tsarin rufe fuska.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
Mahimmin batu shine TOPCon UVID ba za a iya ɗauka a matsayin matsala mai sauƙi ta haɗin Si–H ba. Kimiyyar rufewa, sarrafa guraben oxygen da kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfe dole ne a tantance su tare, musamman lokacin cancantar hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki don dogon aiki a waje. Bin diddigin IV mara lamba, EQE da PL na iya taimakawa gano waɗannan asarar da wuri ba tare da ƙara lalacewar lamba ta inji ga ƙirar tantanin da ke ƙara ƙarfi ba.
