Kwayoyin TOPCon da Aka Yanke Hudu: Yadda Yanke Kwaya Hudu Ke Kara Fitar da Wuta

Gabatarwa

A cikin 2026, masana'antun TOPCon na yau da kullun suna yanke sel "karami da karami," amma ƙarfin module yana ci gaba da hauhawa. Tongwei 770W, Trina 760W, Jinko 670W—kowace lamba tana girma fiye da ta baya. Amma idan kawai ka kalli ƙarfi ba tare da kallon tsarin module ba, yana kama da yin hukunci akan ƙarfin injin ba tare da la'akari da girman jikin mota ba. Tongwei 770W yana amfani da babban tsarin G12 (2384×1303mm), yayin da Jinko 670W yana amfani da tsarin matsakaici na G12R (2382×1134mm). Yankunan tsarin sun bambanta da kusan 30%, to ta yaya ƙarfin zai zama daidai? Yau muna bayyana labarin yanke huɗu: me yasa yanke ke inganta inganci a zahiri, yadda samfuran kowane kamfani suke kwatanta, da kuma ko zaɓar yanke uku ko yanke huɗu.

Asalin Jiki: Yanke Daya, Rasa Kashi Uku cikin Huɗu na Asara

Sel G12 guda ɗaya (210×210mm) yana da yanki kusan 441cm² kuma gajeren kewaye na yanzu ya wuce 18A. Dokar Joule ta ce: asarar wutar lantarki = yanzu² × juriya. Wutar lantarki 18A da ke gudana ta cikin juriya na ciki da ribbons na sel yana haifar da asarar zafi mai yawa. Har ma da wahala, iyakar shigar MPPT na masu juyar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun yana kusan 15A—yanzu 18A+ ya fi abin da mai juyar da wutar zai iya "hadiye."

Juyin fasahar yankan duk tana dogara ne akan wannan rabon jiki: rabi na yanzu, kuma asarar ta ragu zuwa kwata.

Yankakken Rabi (1/2-Cut): An raba yanzu, kuma asarar juriya ta ragu zuwa 25% na cikakken tantanin halitta. Canjin masana'antar daga cikakkun tantanin halitta zuwa rabin tantanin halitta a kusa da 2018 ya faru ne saboda wannan.

Yankakken Uku (1/3-Cut): Abin da ya ba Trina damar kawo tantanin halitta 210 zuwa kasuwa shine yanke guda uku—yana tura yanzu zuwa kusan 12A, yana shiga cikin taga aiki na manyan inverters, tare da asarar da ta ragu zuwa kusan 11% na cikakken tantanin halitta.

Yankakken Hudu (1/4-Cut): Yanzu ya ragu zuwa kwata na cikakken tantanin halitta, kusan 4-5A, tare da asarar juriya na ka'ida kusan 6.25%. Daga rabin yanke zuwa hudu yanke, asarar ciki ta sake raguwa da kashi 75%.

Amma akwai matsala bayan yanke: lalacewar gefe. Laser scribing ita ce lalacewa ta hanyar zafi, tana barin miliyoyin haɗin da ba a haɗa su ba a saman yanke—haɗin Si-Si da aka karye. Masu ɗaukar wuta suna sake haɗuwa idan sun isa waɗannan wuraren, yana sa Voc ya ragu kuma FF ya lalace. Mafi kyawun yanke, mafi yawan gefuna, kuma mafi tsananin sake haɗuwa.

Yanke Abu Ne Mai Sauƙi, Amma Gyaran Yanke Shi Ne Gwanintar Gaskiya

Fasahar kare gefen ita ce mabuɗin da ke kawo yanke huɗu daga ka'idar zuwa samfur. Ta hanyar sanya wani siririn fim na AlOx/SiNx dielectric a saman yanke, yana "gyara" haɗin da aka karye kuma yana hana yiwuwar sake haɗuwa.

SC New Energy ta bayyana a fili a 2025: "Yanke da yawa yana ƙara ƙarfin samfuran TOPCon sosai, amma yanke da yawa dole ne a haɗa shi da fasahar kare gefen." Idan aka haɗa shi da kare gefen, ƙarfin samfurin yanke huɗu na iya ƙaruwa da 7-10W idan aka kwatanta da yanke rabi.

Bayanan daga Leadmicro sun ƙara tabbatar da hakan: manyan kamfanoni sun riga sun sami samar da yawa na haɗin "yanke huɗu + kare gefen + 0BB", tare da ƙarfin samfurin ya kai 670-745W.

Yanke aikin tiyata ne na rage wutar lantarki da asara; kare gefen kayan aiki ne na kimiyyar kayan aiki don yanke ba tare da lalacewa ba. Babu wuka da za ta iya rasa.

Matrix Samfurin Yanke Hudu na 2026: Tsare-tsare Daban-daban, Kada Ku Kwatanta Wutar Kai Tsaye

Daga ƙarshen 2025 zuwa farkon 2026, manyan masana'antun TOPCon sun fitar da samfuran yanke hudu da yawa. Amma kallon lambobin wutar kawai ba shi da ma'ana - dole ne ku sanya tsare-tsare tare:

Da zarar an haɗa tsarin, wasu hukunce-hukuncen sun bayyana a sarari:

Na farko, 770W da 670W ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Tongwei's 770W yana amfani da babban tsarin G12, yayin da Jinko's 670W yana amfani da matsakaicin tsarin G12R. Wuraren tsarin sun bambanta da kusan 30%, don haka ƙarfin ba shi da matsayi ɗaya. Tongwei's G12R version shima 670W ne, yana kwatanta kai tsaye da Jinko da Chint—a ƙarƙashin tsarin guda, matakan ƙarfin kowane kamfani suna kusa sosai.

Na biyu, yanke huɗu na 264 shine zaɓin gama gari na masana'antu. Duk Jinko da Chint suna amfani da yanke-hudu guda 264 tare da tsarin da'ira 6×44. Bayan yanke-hudu ya tura wutar zuwa matakin da ya yi ƙasa sosai, ana iya haɗa ƙarin sel a jere a kowane igiya—sel masu yanke-rabi yawanci suna da sel 20-24 a kowane igiya, yayin da yanke-hudu zai iya kaiwa sel 44 a kowane igiya, tare da gajeriyar hanyar wutar da ƙaramin yanki da inuwa ta shafa.

Na uku, girman wafer ya rabu gida biyu. Tongwei da Trina suna bin hanyar G12 a kan babban tsari, yayin da Jinko da Chint ke bin hanyar G12R a kan matsakaicin tsari. G12R yana da mafi kyawun dacewa da na'urorin inverter da tsarin hawa da ake da su; babban tsari na G12 yana neman ƙarfin ƙarshe amma yana da tsadar daidaitawa na ƙasa. Wannan ba game da wanda ya maye gurbin wane ba—zabi ne don yanayi daban-daban.

Yanke-Hudu Ba Lamari Keɓantacce Ba: 0BB + Babban Tattara Kaya + Siraran Wafer

Fashewar yanke-hudu yana goyan bayan haɗin gwiwar cikakken matrix fasaha:

0BB (maras busbar) shine babban abokin tarayya na four-cut. 0BB yana kawar da babban busbar kuma yana amfani da ribbons masu sirara don tattara wutar lantarki kai tsaye, yana rage amfani da man azurfa da yankin inuwa. Bayan four-cut ya rage wutar lantarki zuwa matakin da ya yi ƙasa sosai, maganin ribbon mai sirara na 0BB ya zama mafi iya aiki. Bayanan Chint: haɗin "multi-cut + SMBB/ZBB" yana rage wutar lantarki ta layi ɗaya da 12% kuma yana inganta LCOE da 4.2%.

Marufi mai yawan gaske (zero-gap/negative-gap). Tsarin al'ada yana barin tazarar 1.5-2mm tsakanin sel—wannan yanki ne mara amfani. Bayan multi-cutting ya rage girman sel guda, haɗe da tsarin haɗin negative-gap, za a iya ƙara yawan rufin panel zuwa sama da 98%. Bayanan JA Solar DeepBlue 5.0: multi-cut + traceless seamless panel + GFI zero-gap flexible interconnection yana inganta ingancin module da kusan 0.56%.

Wafers na bakin ciki suna magance damuwar farashi. Four-cut yana ƙara matakan yankewa da passivation, kuma farashin ƙarin za a iya daidaita shi ta hanyar rage kaurin wafer. Scribing na wafers na ≤120μm ya zama na yau da kullun, tare da yawan nasarar scribing sama da 99.2%.

Four-cut ba nasarar fasaha ɗaya ba ce—nasara ce ta inganta tsarin.

Yanke-Uku vs. Yanke-Hudu: Ba Maye Gurbin Ba, Amma Rarraba Aiki

Akwai ra'ayi cewa yanke-hudu zai maye gurbin yanke-uku a matsayin sabon ma'auni. Daga mahangar tsarin masana'antu, wannan hukunci ba daidai ba ne.

Babban fa'idar yanke-uku shine daidaitawar lantarki—aikin aiki na 12A ya dace da tsarin inverter na duniya. TCL Zhonghuan T5 Pro yana amfani da yanke-uku + mara-gibi mai yawan kunshewa, tare da karuwar samar da wutar lantarki da 17% a cikin yanayin inuwa.

Dangantakar su biyu ta fi kusa da rabon aiki da ke tafiyar da yanayin amfani: yanke-uku ya dace da manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki masu tsada da daidaitawar inverter; yanke-hudu ya dace da samfuran inganci masu girma, yanayi mai rikitarwa da ke buƙatar dogaro mai girma, da tsarin ƙarni na gaba.

Falsafar "mafi kyawun yanke" ta JA Solar tana da mahimmanci—ba ta ɗaukar gefe amma tana neman madaidaicin ma'auni na "asarar yanke—juriya—yawan amfani." DeepBlue 5.0 yana amfani da ƙirar yanke-uku kuma ya kai 670W da 24.8% inganci. Gaskiyar gasa ba ta kasancewa a kan "yawan yanke," amma a kan wannan ma'auni.

Hukunce-hukunce Hudu (Don Tunani)

Hukunci Na Farko: Yanke-hudu dandamali ne na fasaha, ba ƙarshen hanya ba. Abubuwan da ake buƙata—samar da taro na edge passivation, haɓaka 0BB, da balaga na high-density packaging—duk sun zo daidai a lokaci guda a 2025-2026. Abin da ya kamata a kula da shi a gaba shine haɗin gwiwa tare da perovskite tandems da BC.

Hukunci na Biyu: Amincewar hotspot wata fa'ida ce da ba a kula da ita ba na four-cut. Tare da igiyar guda ɗaya ta 4-5A kawai a four-cut, zafin hotspot na iya zama kusan 45°C ƙasa da half-cut. A kan ayyukan rufin gida, wannan bambanci na iya zama bambanci tsakanin "konewa ko a'a."

Hukunci na Uku: Duba samfur, dubi tsari, sannan kwatanta ƙarfi. Tongwei's 770W shine babban tsari na G12, Jinko's 670W shine matsakaicin tsari na G12R—tsari daban-daban, kwatanta ƙarfi kai tsaye ba shi da ma'ana. A ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya, matakin ƙarfin kowane kamfani yana kusa sosai; ainihin bambanci yana cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, farashi, da aminci.

Hukunci na Hudu: Four-cut wani abu ne na ciniki don tsawaita rayuwar TOPCon—ramin ba shi da zurfi, amma ya isa. Ba tare da canza ainihin tsarin tantanin ba, yana samun ƙarin ƙarfin wutar lantarki 10-20W ta hanyar ƙirar module. Matsayin ba ƙarami ba ne (yawan amfani, farashi, da aminci a matsayin uku-uku), amma rufin yana bayyane. Da zarar BC ko HJT sun sami nasara a farashin samarwa mai yawa, four-cut na iya raguwa daga "bambancin ƙima" zuwa "ma'aunin masana'antu." Amma a halin yanzu, ita ce hanya mafi inganci don haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki ga ƙungiyar TOPCon.

Takaitawa

Asalin four-cut shine amfani da sabon ƙira a cikin tsarin module don tsawaita rayuwar fasahar TOPCon—ci gaba da samun ƙima daga ƙarshen module bayan ƙarfin tantanin ya kai iyakarsa ta zahiri. Lokaci na gaba da kuka ga lamba kamar "770W," tambaya farko: wane tsari? G12 ko G12R? 66 cells ko 72? Daidaita tsarin kafin kwatanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

Maganar Hada Kai

Wane adadin yanke ne layin samar da ku ke amfani da shi a yanzu? Wane tsari?

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: four-cut ba yawan yanke tantanin ba ne, amma neman daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin asarar yanke, juriya, da yawan amfani ta hanyar sabon ƙirar module.