Gabatarwa

A cikin 2026, manyan masana'antun TOPCon suna yanke sel "karami da karami," amma ƙarfin module yana ci gaba da hauhawa. Tongwei 770W, Trina 760W, Jinko 670W—kowane lamba ya fi na baya girma. Amma idan kawai ka kalli ƙarfin ba tare da la'akari da girman module ba, yana kama da yin hukunci akan ƙarfin injin ba tare da la'akari da girman jikin mota ba. Tongwei 770W yana amfani da babban girman G12 (2384×1303mm), yayin da Jinko 670W yana amfani da matsakaicin girman G12R (2382×1134mm). Wuraren girman sun bambanta da kusan 30%, to ta yaya ƙarfin zai zama daidai? A yau muna bayyana labarin yanke huɗu: me yasa yanke ke inganta inganci a zahiri, yadda samfuran kowane kamfani suke kwatanta, da kuma ko zaɓi yanke uku ko yanke huɗu.

Asalin Jiki: Yanke Daya, Rasa Kashi Uku cikin Huɗu na Asara

Sel G12 guda ɗaya (210×210mm) yana da fili kusan 441cm² kuma gajeren kewayen wutar lantarki ya wuce 18A. Dokar Joule ta ce: asarar wutar lantarki = halin yanzu² × juriya. Halin yanzu na 18A yana gudana ta cikin juriyar ciki na sel da ribbons yana haifar da asarar zafi mai yawa. Har ma da wahala, iyakar shigar MPPT na manyan inverters yana kusan 15A—halin yanzu na 18A+ ya fi abin da inverter zai iya "hadiyewa."

Juyin fasahar yankan duk tana dogara ne akan wannan rabon jiki: rabi na yanzu, kuma asarar ta ragu zuwa kwata.

Yankakken Rabi (1/2-Cut): An raba yanzu, kuma asarar juriya ta ragu zuwa 25% na cikakken tantanin halitta. Canjin masana'antar daga cikakkun tantanin halitta zuwa rabin tantanin halitta a kusa da 2018 ya faru ne saboda wannan.

Yankakken Uku (1/3-Cut): Abin da ya ba Trina damar kawo tantanin halitta 210 zuwa kasuwa shine yanke guda uku—yana tura yanzu zuwa kusan 12A, yana shiga cikin taga aiki na manyan inverters, tare da asarar da ta ragu zuwa kusan 11% na cikakken tantanin halitta.

Yankakken Hudu (1/4-Cut): Yanzu ya ragu zuwa kwata na cikakken tantanin halitta, kusan 4-5A, tare da asarar juriya na ka'ida kusan 6.25%. Daga rabin yanke zuwa hudu yanke, asarar ciki ta sake raguwa da 75%.

Amma akwai matsala bayan yanke: lalacewar gefe. Laser scribing ita ce lalacewa ta thermal, tana barin miliyoyin haɗin dangling a saman yanke—haɗin Si-Si covalent da suka karye. Masu ɗaukar kaya suna sake haɗuwa idan sun isa waɗannan wuraren, suna sa Voc ya ragu kuma FF ya lalace. Mafi kyawun yanke, mafi yawan gefuna, kuma mafi tsananin sake haɗuwa.

Yanke Abu ne Mai Sauƙi, Amma Gyaran Yanke Shi ne Gwanintar Gaskiya

Fasahar rufe gefuna ita ce mabuɗin da ke kawo yanke huɗu daga ka'ida zuwa samfur. Ta hanyar sanya fim ɗin bakin ciki na AlOx/SiNx dielectric a saman yanke, yana "gyara" haɗin dangling da suka karye kuma yana danne yiwuwar sake haɗuwa.

SC New Energy ya bayyana a fili a 2025: "Yanke da yawa yana ƙara ƙarfin samfuran TOPCon sosai, amma yanke da yawa dole ne a haɗa shi da fasahar rufe gefuna." Idan aka haɗa shi da rufe gefuna, ƙarfin samfurin yanke huɗu na iya ƙaruwa da 7-10W idan aka kwatanta da yanke rabi.

Bayanan daga Leadmicro ya ƙara tabbatar da haka: manyan kamfanoni sun riga sun sami samar da yawa na haɗin "yanke huɗu + rufe gefuna + 0BB", tare da ƙarfin samfurin ya kai 670-745W.

Yanke aikin tiyata ne na rage wutar lantarki da asara; kare gefen shine kimiyyar kayan aikin yanke ba tare da lalacewa ba. Babu wani wuka da zai iya rasa.

Matrix Samfurin Yanke Hudu na 2026: Tsare-tsare Daban-daban, Kada Ku Kwatanta Wutar Kai Tsaye

Daga ƙarshen 2025 zuwa farkon 2026, manyan masana'antun TOPCon sun fitar da samfuran yanke hudu sosai. Amma kallon lambobin wutar kawai ba shi da ma'ana - dole ne ku sanya tsare-tsare gefe da gefe:

Da zarar an haɗa tsarin, wasu hukunce-hukunce sun bayyana a sarari:

Na farko, 770W da 670W ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Tongwei's 770W yana amfani da babban tsarin G12, yayin da Jinko's 670W yana amfani da matsakaicin tsarin G12R. Wuraren tsarin sun bambanta da kusan 30%, don haka ƙarfin ba shi da matsayi ɗaya. Sigar G12R ta Tongwei ita ma 670W ce, tana kwatanta kai tsaye da Jinko da Chint—a ƙarƙashin tsarin guda ɗaya, matakan ƙarfin kowane kamfani suna kusa sosai.

Na biyu, yanke huɗu na 264 guda shine zaɓin gama gari na masana'antar. Dukansu Jinko da Chint suna amfani da yanke-hudu guda 264 tare da tsarin da'ira 6×44. Bayan yanke-hudu ya tura wutar lantarki zuwa matakin da ya yi ƙasa sosai, ana iya haɗa ƙarin sel a jere a kowane igiya—sel masu yanke-rabi yawanci suna da sel 20-24 a kowane igiya, yayin da yanke-hudu zai iya kaiwa sel 44 a kowane igiya, tare da gajeriyar hanyar wutar lantarki da ƙaramin yanki da ke shafar inuwa.

Na uku, girman wafer ya rabu zuwa rukuni biyu. Tongwei da Trina suna bin hanyar G12 a kan babban tsari, yayin da Jinko da Chint ke bin hanyar G12R a kan matsakaicin tsari. G12R yana da mafi kyawun dacewa da masu juyar da wutar lantarki da tsarin hawa; babban tsari na G12 yana neman ƙarfin ƙarshe amma yana da tsadar daidaitawa na ƙasa. Wannan ba game da wanda ya maye gurbin wane ba ne—zabi ne don yanayi daban-daban.

Yanke-Hudu Ba Lamarin Keɓantacce Ba ne: 0BB + Babban Taro + Wafer Sirara

Fashewar yanke-hudu yana goyan bayan haɗin gwiwar cikakken matrix fasaha:

0BB (maras busbar) shine babban abokin tarayya na four-cut. 0BB yana kawar da babban busbar kuma yana amfani da ribbons masu sirara don tattara wutar lantarki kai tsaye, yana rage amfani da man azurfa da yankin inuwa. Bayan four-cut ya rage wutar lantarki zuwa matakin da ya yi ƙasa sosai, maganin ribbon mai sirara na 0BB ya zama mafi iya aiki. Bayanan Chint: haɗin "multi-cut + SMBB/ZBB" yana rage wutar lantarki ta guda ɗaya da 12% kuma yana inganta LCOE da 4.2%.

Marufi mai yawan gaske (zero-gap/negative-gap). Modules na gargajiya suna barin tazara tsakanin sel 1.5-2mm—wannan yanki ne mara amfani. Bayan multi-cutting ya rage girman sel guda ɗaya, haɗe da tsarin haɗin negative-gap, za a iya ƙara yawan rufe panel zuwa sama da 98%. Bayanan JA Solar DeepBlue 5.0: multi-cut + traceless seamless panel + GFI zero-gap flexible interconnection yana inganta ingancin module da kusan 0.56%.

Wafers na bakin ciki suna magance damuwar farashi. Four-cut yana ƙara matakan yanke da passivation, kuma farashin ƙarin za a iya daidaita shi ta hanyar rage kaurin wafer. Scribing na wafers na ≤120μm ya zama babban abu, tare da yawan scribing ya tsaya sama da 99.2%.

Four-cut ba nasarar fasaha ɗaya ba ce—nasara ce ta inganta tsarin.

Yanke-Uku vs. Yanke-Hudu: Ba Maye Gurbin Ba, Amma Rarraba Aiki

Akwai ra'ayi cewa yanke-hudu zai maye gurbin yanke-uku a matsayin sabon ma'auni. Daga mahangar tsarin masana'antu, wannan hukunci ba daidai ba ne.

Babban fa'idar yanke-uku shine daidaitawar lantarki—aikin aiki na 12A ya dace da tsarin inverter na duniya. TCL Zhonghuan T5 Pro yana amfani da yanke-uku + mara-gibi mai yawan damfara, tare da ƙara samar da wutar lantarki da 17% a cikin yanayin inuwa.

Dangantakar su biyu ta fi kusa da rabon aiki da ke tafiyar da yanayin amfani: yanke-uku ya dace da manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki masu tsada da daidaitawar inverter na yau; yanke-huɗu ya dace da samfuran inganci masu girma, yanayi mai rikitarwa da ke buƙatar aminci mai girma, da tsarin ƙarni na gaba.

Falsafar "mafi kyawun yanke" ta JA Solar tana da mahimmanci—ba ta ɗaukar gefe amma tana neman madaidaicin ma'auni na "asarar yanke—juriya—yawan amfanin ƙasa." DeepBlue 5.0 yana amfani da ƙirar yanke-uku kuma ya kai 670W da 24.8% inganci. Gaskiyar gasa ba ta kasancewa a kan "yawan yanke," amma a kan wannan ma'auni.

Hukunce-hukunce huɗu (Don Tunani)

Hukunci na ɗaya: Yanke-huɗu dandamali ne na fasaha, ba ƙarshen hanya ba. Abubuwan da ake buƙata—samar da yawa na edge passivation, haɓaka 0BB, da balaga na high-density packaging—duk sun zo daidai a lokaci guda a 2025-2026. Abin da ya kamata a kula da shi a gaba shine haɗin gwiwa tare da perovskite tandems da BC.

Hukunci na Biyu: Amincewar hotspot wata fa'ida ce da ba a kula da ita ba na four-cut. Tare da halin yanzu na igiya guda kawai 4-5A a four-cut, zafin hotspot na iya zama kusan 45°C ƙasa da half-cut. A kan ayyukan rufin rufi, wannan tazarar na iya zama bambanci tsakanin "konewa ko a'a."

Hukunci na Uku: Duba samfur, duba tsari, sannan kwatanta ƙarfi. Tongwei's 770W shine babban tsari na G12, Jinko's 670W shine matsakaicin tsari na G12R—tsari daban-daban, kwatanta ƙarfi kai tsaye ba shi da ma'ana. A ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya, matakin ƙarfin kowane kamfani yana kusa sosai; ainihin bambancin yana cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, farashi, da aminci.

Hukunci na Hudu: Four-cut wani abu ne na ciniki don tsawaita rayuwar TOPCon—ramin ba shi da zurfi, amma ya isa. Ba tare da canza ainihin tsarin tantanin halitta ba, yana samun ƙarin ƙarfin wutar lantarki 10-20W ta hanyar ƙirar module. Matsayin ba ƙarami ba ne (yawan amfani, farashi, da amincin a matsayin trinity), amma rufin yana bayyane. Da zarar BC ko HJT sun sami nasara a farashin samar da yawa, four-cut na iya raguwa daga "bambancin premium" zuwa "ma'aunin masana'antu." Amma a halin yanzu, ita ce hanya mafi inganci don haɓaka inganci ga ƙungiyar TOPCon.

Takaitawa

Asalin four-cut shine amfani da sabon ƙira a cikin tsarin module don tsawaita rayuwar fasahar TOPCon—ci gaba da fitar da ƙima daga ƙarshen module bayan ingancin tantanin halitta ya kai iyakarsa ta zahiri. Lokaci na gaba da kuka ga lamba kamar "770W," ku fara tambaya: wane tsari? G12 ko G12R? 66 cells ko 72? Ku daidaita tsarin kafin kwatanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

Maganar Hada Kai

Wane yanki na yanke ne layin samar da ku ke amfani da shi a yanzu? Wane tsari?

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: four-cut ba yawan yanke tantanin halitta ba ne, amma neman daidaiton mafi kyau tsakanin asarar yanke, juriya, da yawan amfani ta hanyar sabon ƙirar module.