Gabatarwa

A cikin PV module, firam ɗin aluminum yana aiki azaman mabuɗin rufewa da kayan tsari. Rabon farashinsa yana bayan sel ɗin hasken rana, yawanci tsakanin 8.5% da 13%, yana mai da shi ɗayan mahimman sassan da ke sa module yayi aiki da aminci a waje na tsawon shekaru 25 ko fiye.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance saman firam ɗin aluminum, gami da anodizing, zanen electrophoretic, da rufin foda (PVDF). Amma anodizing (musamman farin-azurfa da baƙi) ya zama babban zaɓi na yau da kullun. Wannan ba haka bane. Domin anodizing na iya biyan buƙatun aiki masu tsauri da PV module ke sanya akan firam ɗinsa cikin tsari da cikakkiyar hanya. Dalilan na iya kasancewa cikin waɗannan abubuwa.

Gina Katanga Mai Kyau na Kariya daga Lalata don Wurare Masu Tsauri

PV modules dole ne su yi aiki na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin kowane irin yanayi a duniya, daga hamada busassu zuwa dazuzzuka masu ɗanshi zuwa yankunan bakin teku, teku, da masana'antu masu lalata. Waɗannan yanayi daban-daban suna sanya buƙatun juriya na yanayi mai tsauri akan firam. Firam ɗin aluminum dole ne ya jure hasken UV, sauyin zafi tsakanin dare da rana, gishiri acid-alkali, da gogewar yashi. Aluminum yana samar da wani siririn oxide na halitta a iska, amma yana da siriri (kimanin 0.1μm), mara daidaituwa, kuma mai ramuka. A irin waɗannan yanayi, wannan siririn oxide yana da kariya kamar takarda.

Anodizing yana amfani da hanyar electrochemical don girma wani fim ɗin ceramic na aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) mai kauri, mai ƙarfi, kuma mai ɗaurewa a saman aluminum alloy. Wannan ƙarin Layer na wucin gadi shine tushen juriyar lalata na firam.

Matsayin kauri na fim ɗin anodic don firam ɗin aluminum na PV yana tsakanin 10 zuwa 25μm. An saita wannan kewayon tare da abubuwa da yawa a zuciya: isasshen kauri na fim yana keɓe tushen aluminum daga mahalli na waje yadda ya kamata, yana toshe danshi, gishiri, da ruwan acid daga lalata firam ɗin, wanda ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsananin zafi na waje.

Idan fim ɗin ya yi siriri sosai (misali, ƙasa da 10μm), kariyar firam ɗin na iya kasawa, yana haifar da rushewar fim ɗin oxide a wani yanki da kuma haifar da ramuka ko tsagewa wanda ke shafar ƙarfin tsarin gaba ɗaya. A gefe guda, idan fim ɗin ya yi kauri sosai (sama da 25μm), kariyar tana inganta amma farashin samarwa yana ƙaruwa, kuma wani Layer mai kauri yana da rauni, yana sa ya fi sauƙi ya tsage a ƙarƙashin tasiri yayin shigarwa ko sufuri, wanda a zahiri yana rage aminci.

Ƙarƙashin ma'auni T/CPIA 0117-2025, ana rarraba fin ɗin anodic ta kauri (kamar AA10, AA15, AA20) don dacewa da yanayin lalata daban-daban. Misali, ana ba da shawarar matakin AA15 don wurare masu lalata kamar wuraren masana'antu da masana'antar sinadarai, yayin da AA20 aka keɓe don yanayin lalata mai girma sosai kamar yankunan bakin teku da ma'adinai.

Isar da Daidaitaccen Gudanarwa da Tsaron Ƙasa Yayin Kiyaye Rufe Wutar Lantarki

Wannan abu ne mai kama da sabani amma yana da mahimmanci. Aluminum yana da kyakkyawan wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar firam ɗin ya zama ɓangare na hanyar grounding na module, yana jagorantar wutar walƙiya ko tsayayyen wutar don ba da kariya daga walƙiya da ci gaba da grounding don amincin tsarin.

Amma fim ɗin anodic da kansa babban insulator ne na wutar lantarki. Wannan Layer mai rufewa da farko yana kare jikin firam, yana hana shi zama anode na lalata electrolytic a yanayin damshi. Na biyu, yana ware firam daga maƙallan hawa da sauran sassan ƙarfe (musamman ƙarfe masu matakan wutar lantarki daban-daban, kamar bolts na ƙarfe), yana sauƙaƙa lalata galvanic da haɗuwar ƙarfe daban-daban ke iya haifarwa. Abubuwan da suka gaza a PV na teku sun nuna cewa firam ɗin aluminum alloy da bolts na ƙarfe suna fama da lalata electrochemical mai tsanani a yanayin gishiri, kuma fim ɗin anodic mai kauri (tare da bolts masu rufin insulator) ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin da ke magance wannan matsala.

PS: Ƙaddamar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na PV module yana da mahimmanci. A matsayin mutumin da ya kula da korafin abokin ciniki inda walƙiya ta lalata diode na akwatin haɗi, lokacin da na isa wurin sai na ga mai shigarwa bai ɗauki matakin ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki ba a kan module (ba a yi amfani da ramukan ƙaddamar da firam, washers masu huda, ko screws masu huda ba).

Haɓaka Aikin Injiniya da Juriya ta Lallacewa don Kare Tsarin Tsari

Firam ɗin yana buƙatar ɗaukar nauyi kamar matsin iska, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara, da tasirin injiniya wanda module ɗin ya cika yayin sufuri, shigarwa, da aiki.

Babban taurin da juriya ta lallacewa: Fim ɗin anodic yana da taurin gaske (yawanci sama da HV300), wanda ya fi ƙarfin aluminum substrate. Wannan yana ƙara juriyar firam ɗin a saman da lallacewa, yana kare kansa yayin shigarwa da kulawa, yana rage wuraren farawar lalata da asarar kamanni sakamakon lalacewar saman.

Ƙarfin mannewa: Fim ɗin anodic yana girma kai tsaye daga tushen aluminum ta hanyar halayen sinadarai kuma yana haɗuwa da substrate, ba tare da haɗarin bawon ko tsagewa kamar yadda ake gani a fenti mai feshi ba. Wannan ƙarfin mannewa yana tabbatar da kariya mai dorewa, kuma ko da bayan faɗaɗa da ƙanƙantar zafi na dogon lokaci, fim ɗin ba zai faɗi ba.

Taimakon tsarin rayuwa mai tsawo: Kayan aluminum da kansa na iya wuce shekaru 30 zuwa 50. Anodizing yana ƙara kare tsarin tsari da ƙarfin ƙarfi a duk tsawon rayuwar PV module (yawanci shekaru 25 ko fiye). Idan aka kwatanta, firam ɗin da aka yi da wasu kayan, kamar firam ɗin ƙarfe, suna yin tsatsa a cikin ramukan ƙasa da sauran wurare, yana sa rayuwar shekaru 25 ta yi wuya a tabbatar, yayin da amincin dogon lokaci na firam ɗin kayan haɗin gwiwa har yanzu ana tabbatarwa.

Tsari Mai Girma da Cikakken Tsarin Ma'auni Wanda Ke Tabbatar da Inganci da Samarwa

Anodizing wani tsari ne mai girma da daidaitaccen magani a masana'antar sarrafa aluminum, tare da cikakken sarkar samarwa, ingantaccen aiki, da farashi mai iya sarrafawa. Rahotanni da yawa na dillalai sun lura cewa tsarin kera firam ɗin aluminum (narkewa - extrusion - oxidation - aiki mai zurfi) ya girma sosai, wanda shine tushen shigar da shi sama da kashi 95% a fagen PV.

Fitar aluminum suna ba da daidaitaccen tsari da inganci mai sarrafawa. Daga ka'idojin ƙasa (kamar GB/T 5237.2) zuwa ka'idojin ƙungiyar PV (T/CPIA 0117), akwai alamomi bayyanannu da za a iya gwadawa don kauri, tauri, ingancin rufewa, da juriyar gishiri na fim ɗin anodic. Wannan yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don sarrafa inganci kuma yana tabbatar da daidaito da amincin samfur.

A matakin ƙera firam, ana buƙatar haɗa firam ɗin da gilashi da backsheet ta amfani da sealant. Fim ɗin anodized yana da wani tsari na ƙananan ramuka wanda ke samar da kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tare da sealant, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen rufewar module.

A ƙarshe, zaɓin anodizing don firam ɗin aluminum na PV shine "mafi kyawun mafita" wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar aikin masana'antu na dogon lokaci.

Ra'ayin Ooitech

Ooitech ta yi imani: anodizing ya zama babbar hanyar sarrafa saman firam ɗin aluminum na PV saboda yana biyan buƙatun juriyar lalacewa, amincin ƙasa, ƙarfin injiniya, da daidaitaccen sarrafa inganci a tsawon rayuwar module sama da shekaru 25.