Me Yasa Anodizing Shine Babban Maganin Fuskar
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Amsa mai sauri: Anodising ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita wajen gyaran saman firam ɗin aluminium na module ɗin hasken rana saboda yana haɓaka wani Layer na oxide daga cikin aluminium ɗin kansa maimakon shafa wani abu a samansa. Wannan yana da muhimmanci ga wani ɓangare da ake sa ran zai rayu shekaru 25 a waje: fenti ko foda na iya tsagewa kuma lalata ta fara a gefen da ya fallasa, yayin da Layer na anodised yake cikin saman ɗin kansa. Ana ƙayyade kauri ta hanyar aji na anodising, kuma ƙa'idoji kamar CPIA 0117 suna bayyana azuzuwan AA10, AA15 da AA20, inda lambar ke nuna kaurin oxide a microns. Anodising mai kauri yana ba da ƙarin kariya daga lalata kuma yana da tsada. Zaɓin alloy na firam yana da alaƙa da wannan — extrusion na 6063 tare da ƙayyadadden yanayi kamar HV300 yana aiki yadda ya kamata ta hanyar anodising, yayin da alloy da ba a sarrafa shi da kyau zai iya haifar da ƙarewa mara kyau da ƙarancin Layer na oxide.
PV Module Manufacturing · na Jerry, Ooitech
Gabatarwa
A cikin wani PV module, firam ɗin aluminum yana aiki azaman mabuɗin rufewa da kayan tsari. Rabon farashinsa yana tsaye a bayan sel ɗin rana, yawanci tsakanin 8.5% da 13%, yana mai da shi ɗayan mahimman sassan da ke sa module yayi aiki da aminci a waje na tsawon shekaru 25 ko fiye.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance saman firam ɗin aluminum, gami da anodizing, zanen electrophoretic, da fentin foda (PVDF). Amma anodizing (musamman farin-azurfa da baƙi) ya zama babban zaɓi na yau da kullun. Wannan ba haka bane. Saboda anodizing na iya biyan buƙatun aiki masu tsauri da PV module ke sanya akan firam ɗinsa. Dalilan da suka fi muhimmanci za a iya haɗa su cikin abubuwan da ke gaba.
Gina Katanga Mai Kyau na Kariya daga Lalata don Wurare Masu Tsauri
PV modules dole ne su yi aiki na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin kowane irin yanayi a duniya, daga hamada busassu da dazuzzuka masu ɗanshi zuwa yankunan bakin teku, teku, da masana'antu masu lalata. Waɗannan yanayi daban-daban suna sanya buƙatun yanayi masu tsauri akan firam. Firam ɗin aluminum dole ne ya jure hasken UV, sauyin zafi tsakanin dare da rana, gishiri acid-alkali, da kuma yashin yashi. Aluminum yana samar da wani ɗan ƙaramin oxide na halitta a cikin iska, amma yana da sirara (kimanin 0.1μm), ba daidai ba, kuma mai ramuka. A irin waɗannan yanayi, wannan ɗan ƙaramin oxide yana da kariya kamar takarda.
Anodizing yana amfani da hanyar electrochemical don girma wani fim ɗin ceramic na aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) mai kauri, mai wuya, kuma mai ɗaurewa a saman aluminum alloy. Wannan ƙarin ɗan ƙaramin oxide na wucin gadi shine tushen kariyar firam daga lalata.
Matsayin kauri na fim ɗin anodic don firam ɗin aluminum na PV yana tsakanin 10 zuwa 25μm. An saita wannan kewayon tare da abubuwa da yawa a zuciya: isasshen kauri na fim yana keɓe tushen aluminum daga mahalli na waje yadda ya kamata, yana toshe danshi, gishiri, da ruwan acid daga lalata firam ɗin, wanda ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsananin zafi na waje.
Idan fim ɗin ya yi siriri sosai (misali, ƙasa da 10μm), kariyar firam ɗin na iya kasawa, yana haifar da rushewar fim ɗin oxide a wani yanki da kuma haifar da ramuka ko tsagewa wanda ke shafar ƙarfin tsarin gaba ɗaya. A gefe guda, idan fim ɗin ya yi kauri sosai (sama da 25μm), kariyar tana inganta amma farashin samarwa yana ƙaruwa, kuma wani Layer mai kauri yana da rauni, yana sa ya fi sauƙi ya tsage yayin shigarwa ko jigilar kaya, wanda a zahiri yana rage aminci.
Ƙarƙashin ma'auni T/CPIA 0117-2025, ana rarraba fin ɗin anodic ta kauri (kamar AA10, AA15, AA20) don dacewa da yanayi daban-daban na lalata. Misali, ana ba da shawarar matakin AA15 don wurare masu lalata kamar wuraren masana'antu da masana'antar sinadarai, yayin da AA20 aka keɓe don yanayi mai lalata sosai kamar yankunan bakin teku da ma'adanai.
Isar da Daidaitaccen Gudanarwa da Tsaron Ƙasa Yayin Kiyaye Rufe Wutar Lantarki
Wannan abu ne mai kama da sabani amma yana da mahimmanci. Aluminum yana da kyakkyawan gudanar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar firam ɗin ya zama ɓangare na hanyar grounding na module, yana jagorantar wutar walƙiya ko tsayayyen wutar lantarki don samar da kariya daga walƙiya da ci gaba da grounding don amincin tsarin.
Amma fim ɗin anodic da kansa babban insulator ne na wutar lantarki. Wannan Layer na insulating yana kare jikin firam ɗin da farko, yana hana shi zama anode na lalata electrolytic a yanayin damshi. Na biyu, yana ware firam ɗin daga maƙallan hawa da sauran sassan ƙarfe (musamman ƙarfe masu matakan wutar lantarki daban-daban, kamar bolts na ƙarfe), yana rage lalata galvanic da haɗuwar ƙarfe daban-daban ke iya haifarwa. Abubuwan da suka gaza a PV na teku sun nuna cewa firam ɗin aluminum alloy da bolts na ƙarfe suna fuskantar lalata electrochemical mai tsanani a yanayin gishiri, kuma fim ɗin anodic mai kauri (tare da bolts masu rufin insulating) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin da ke magance wannan matsala.
PS: Ƙaddamar da ƙasa ga na'urar PV yana da mahimmanci. A matsayina na mutumin da ya kula da korafin abokin ciniki inda walƙiya ta lalata diode na akwatin haɗi, lokacin da na isa wurin sai na ga mai shigar da kayan bai ɗauki matakin ƙaddamar da ƙasa ba kwata-kwata a kan na'urar (ba a yi amfani da ramukan ƙaddamar da ƙasa ba, washers masu huda, ko screws masu huda).
Haɓaka Aikin Injiniya da Juriya ta Lallacewa don Kare Tsarin Tsari
Firam ɗin yana buƙatar ɗaukar nauyi kamar matsin iska, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara, da tasirin injiniya wanda na'urar ta cika yayin sufuri, shigarwa, da aiki.
Babban tauri da juriya ta lallacewa: Fim ɗin anodic yana da tauri sosai (yawanci sama da HV300), wanda ya fi ƙarfin aluminum substrate. Wannan yana ƙara juriyar ƙazanta da lallacewa a saman firam, yana kare kansa yayin shigarwa da kulawa, yana rage wuraren farawar lalata da asarar kamanni sakamakon lalacewar saman.
Ƙarfin mannewa: Fim ɗin anodic yana girma kai tsaye daga tushen aluminum ta hanyar halayen sinadarai kuma yana haɗuwa da tushen gaba ɗaya, ba tare da haɗarin bawowa ko tsagewa kamar yadda ake gani a fenti mai feshi ba. Wannan ƙarfin mannewa yana tabbatar da kariya mai dorewa, kuma ko da bayan faɗaɗawa da taƙaitawa na dogon lokaci, fim ɗin ba zai faɗi ba.
Taimakon tsarin rayuwa mai tsawo: Kayan aluminum da kansa na iya wuce shekaru 30 zuwa 50. Anodizing yana ƙara kare tsarin tsari da ƙarfin ƙarfi a duk tsawon rayuwar PV module (yawanci shekaru 25 ko fiye). Idan aka kwatanta, firam ɗin da aka yi da wasu kayan, kamar firam ɗin ƙarfe, suna yin tsatsa cikin sauƙi a ramukan ƙasa da sauran wurare, yana sa rayuwar shekaru 25 ta yi wuya a tabbatar, yayin da amincin dogon lokaci na firam ɗin kayan haɗin gwiwa har yanzu ana tabbatarwa.
Tsari Mai Girma da Cikakken Tsarin Ma'auni Wanda Ke Tabbatar da Inganci da Wadata
Anodizing wani tsari ne mai girma da daidaitaccen magani na saman a masana'antar sarrafa aluminum, tare da cikakken sarkar samarwa, ingantaccen aiki, da farashi mai iya sarrafawa. Rahotanni da yawa na dillalai sun lura cewa tsarin kera firam ɗin aluminum (narkewa - fitarwa - oxidation - aiki mai zurfi) ya girma sosai, wanda shine tushen shigar da shi sama da kashi 95% a fagen PV.
Frames na aluminum suna ba da daidaitaccen tsari da ingancin da ake iya sarrafawa. Daga ma'aunin ƙasa (kamar GB/T 5237.2) zuwa ma'aunin ƙungiyar PV (T/CPIA 0117), akwai alamomi bayyanannu da ake iya gwadawa don kauri, tauri, ingancin rufewa, da juriyar gishiri na fim ɗin anodic. Wannan yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don sarrafa inganci kuma yana tabbatar da daidaito da amincin samfur.
A matakin firam ɗin, ana buƙatar a haɗa firam ɗin da a rufe shi da gilashin da backsheet tare da abin rufewa. Fuskar da aka yi wa anodized tana da wani ƙaramin tsari mai ramuka wanda ke samar da kyakkyawan mannewa tare da abin rufewa, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen rufewar module.
A ƙarshe, zaɓin anodizing don frame na aluminum na PV shine "mafi kyawun mafita" wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar aikin masana'antu na dogon lokaci.
Ra'ayin Ooitech
Ooitech ta yi imani: anodizing ya zama babbar hanyar sarrafa saman frame na aluminum na PV saboda yana biyan buƙatun juriyar lalacewa, amincin ƙasa, ƙarfin injiniya, da daidaitaccen sarrafa inganci a tsawon rayuwar module sama da shekaru 25.
